Volume 63,Issue 1,2024 Table of Contents

1 New material of the early Cambrian small shelly fossils from the Huangling Anticline, Yichang, western Hubei

YANG Lei , YANG Ben , YANG Yu-ning

2024, 63(1):1-15. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023047 CSTR:

[Abstract](93) [HTML](0) [PDF 55.87 M](679)

Abstract:
Early Cambrian small shelly fossils (SSF) from the eastern and southern parts of the Huangling Anticline in Yichang area, Hubei Province, have been extensively studied. However, little information on the SSFs from the western part of the Anticline is known. Here we report SSFs from the Terreneuvian Tianzhushan Member of the Dengying Formation at the Gaolanhe section. These SSFs consist of Anabarites trisulcatus (an index element of Anabarites trisulcatus-Protohertzina anabarica Assemblage Zone), Eohalobia diandongensis, and Oelandiella korobkovi (index fossils of Paragloborilus subglobosus-Purella squamulosa Assemblage Zone), as well as Paragloborilus tenuis, which may belong to zone Ⅲ (Watsonella crosbyi Assemblage Zone) or later biozones. We thus suggest that this assemblage zone represents a mixture of multiple SSF biozones and it may be correlated to the top of the Yangjiahe Formation from eastern Three Gorges Area. In addition, we report new SSFs from the basal Yanjiahe Formation at the Gunshiao section in southern part of the Huangling Anticline. This assemblage, belonging to the Anabarites trisulcatus-Protohertzina anabarica Assemblage Zone, contains Anabarites ternarius Missarzhevsky in Rozanov et al., 1969, Kaiyangites novilis Qian and Yin, 1984, sponge spicules, and unnamed algae. Fossil assemblages and deposition records show that the Gaolanhe area, comparable to the Taishanmiao area in the eastern part of the Huangling Anticline, developed tidal-flat facies with significant exposure. The Gunshiao region in the southern part of the Huangling Anticline possesses an open platform facies with a minor depositional suspension; the first SSF biozone is relatively recognizable in the lower part. The discovery of these fossil materials provides new data for stratigraphic correlation and palaeobiogeographic study of the lower Cambrian in the Huangling Anticline.

2 Occurrence of bite marks on Tuzoia (Arthropoda) from the early Cambrian Guanshan biota in Kunming, Yunnan

DONG Cun-zhi , SONG Zi-yu , LIU Xu-hui , HU Shi-xue

2024, 63(1):16-23. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023015 CSTR:

[Abstract](109) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.96 M](742)

Abstract:
First fossil record of bite marks on the bivalved arthropod Tuzoia is reported from the Guanshan biota (Stage 4, Series 2, Cambrian) in Yunnan Province, South China. These bite marks, probably produced by predators such as radiodonts or redlichid trilobites, are interpreted as recovery of unsuccessful predatory attacks. The new discovery shows that Tuzoia were preyed upon by larger predators, indicating the existence of a complex food chain in the early Cambrian. This report provides new information in understanding the ecological niche of Tuzoid arthropods and the food web structure of the early Cambrian marine ecosystems.

3 New Machaeridia materials from the Ordovician Miaopo Formation in western Hubei Province

SONG Jia-qi , SUN Zhi-xin , WANG Kai , LIU Bing-cai , HUANG Zhuan-li , ZHAO Qian , XUE Yan , WANG Mei-le , YAN Yi-wen , WANG Wen-hui , FANG Xiang

2024, 63(1):24-40. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023055 CSTR:

[Abstract](333) [HTML](0) [PDF 31.25 M](718)

Abstract:
Machaeridia is a poorly-known group of marine animals belonging to Annelida, and is characterized by a tiny, bilaterally symmetrical body. They are relatively rare, but widely distributed, and have been reported from the Ordovician System in Anti-Atlas of Morocco, South China, Tarim and some other regions. This paper reports and describes three specimens of Machaeridia from the Miaopo Formation at the Leizu section in Yuan’an County, Hubei Province. They are identified as Plumulites sp. A and Lepidocoleus sp. This finding expands the temporal and spatial distribution of Machaeridia in South China. These specimens represent the occurrence of Machaeridia in a shallow intra-platform depression during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE). In addition, we discuss the morphological characteristics and classification of the Machaeridia, and propose that the early Paleozoic Machaeridia includes three families: Plumulitidae, Lepidocoleidae and Turrilepadidae.

4 Famennian (Late Devonian) bryozoans from western Junggar, Xinjiang, NW China: morphological specificities and palaeoenvironmental implications

TOLOKONNIKOVA Zoya , SUN Yu-cong , SONG Jun-jun

2024, 63(1):41-53. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023049 CSTR:

[Abstract](148) [HTML](0) [PDF 5.56 M](754)

Abstract:
This paper focuses on the morphology and palaeoecology of the latest Devonian bryozoans from western Junggar, northwestern China. Studied bryozoan materials, which contain diverse taxa of orders Cryptostomata, Fenestrata, Trepostomata, and Cysto porata, are based on museum specimens collected from the Hongguleleng and Tielieketi formations. Dominant cryptostome bryozoans possess characteristic delicately branched colonies with central axis or mesotheca, as well as bifoliate colonies. Specifically, these cryptostome bryozoans have thickened walls in exozone, strong bending of autozooecia chambers, abundant metazooecia or tectizooecia, and aktinotostyles and/or acanthostyles. Different combinations of heterozooecia, styles, forms of autozooecial chambers in colonies and different growth habits resulted in the successful evolution of the bryozoans from Xinjiang. In the lower member of the Hongguleleng Formation and the lower part of the Tielieketi Formation, three bryozoan associations, i.e., bryozoan association No. 1 (Ba1), No. 2 (Ba2), and No. 3 (Ba3) are proposed, indicating changes of environments from foreshore to offshore. Among them, the branched-bifoliate-reticulate colonies that lived in nearshore show higher abundance and diversity.

5 Characteristics of palynological assemblies and depositional age of bauxite deposits in southern Guizhou

MA Yi-bo , QIAO Wen-lang , WANG Yi , LIU Feng , QIAO Chang , ZHOU Liu-yang , AN Ya-yun , PENG Hui-ping

2024, 63(1):54-65. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023050 CSTR:

[Abstract](153) [HTML](0) [PDF 9.21 M](675)

Abstract:
The study of bauxite depositional patterns is of utmost importance for China’s resource security and mineral explorations, as China relies heavily on imports to meet its demand. Numerous factors, such as tectonic background, paleoclimate, erosion rate, parent rock, age, paleovegetation, and paleotopography, influence the formation of bauxite. Therefore, accurate age estimate is essential in understanding the impacts of these factors on bauxite formation and providing theoretical support for future exploration efforts.
Resolving the depositional age of bauxite deposits presents a formidable challenge due to the intricate processes encompassing pedogenesis and reworking. The scarcity of plant root fossils or trace fossils further complicates the estimate of the ultimate depositional age. Presently, the most successful approach to ascertain the depositional age of bauxite deposits involves a comprehensive examination of preserved palynological assemblages. In China, documented depositional ages of bauxite deposits are predominantly within the late Paleozoic. The bauxite deposit in Guizhou represents such an example in South China. However, the age of the Guizhou bauxite deposit has been controversial.
In order to address the aforementioned controversy, we conducted palynological investigations on two sections containing bauxite in Longshan Town, Longli County, and Gaopo Miaozu Village, Huaxi District, Guizhou. The findings indicate that the palynological assemblages observed in the two sections align with the standard Lycospora pussila (Pu) palynological assemblage zone of the Mississippian in Western Europe. These results suggest that the depositional age of the Fengyuan bauxite deposit is no younger than the early-middle Visean age of the Mississippian. Therefore, the Fengyuan bauxite deposit represents the earliest known karstic bauxite in Guizhou with unequivocal fossil evidence.
The palynological assemblages from the Fengyuan bauxite deposit are generally preserved in lower stratigraphic horizons when compared with those from the bauxite deposits in Qingzhen, central Guizhou, and Zunyi, northern Guizhou. The palynological assemblages of the Fengyuan bauxite deposit is separated from the palynological assemblages in Qingzhen and Zunyi by one palynological assemblage zone (Perotriletes tessellatus-Schulzosopra camplylotera assemblage zone) or one conodont zone (Gnathodus bilineatus zone). This suggests that the depositional age of the Fengyuan bauxite deposit predates those of the bauxite deposits in Qingzhen and Zunyi by 4.2 million years. The frequent sea-level changes caused by the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) led to gradual submergence and deposition and likewise, gradual age changes of the bauxite deposits from older in the south to younger in the north of Guizhou.

6 Upper Carboniferous corals from the Junggar Basin, northern Xinjiang, NW China

LUO Zheng-jiang , SHI Guo-xin , LIN Wei , CHEN Jun , LIU Jin , BAI Hai-feng , LIANG Kun , YAO Le , HUANG Xing , QIE Wen-kun , WANG Yue

2024, 63(1):66-93. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023013 CSTR:

[Abstract](333) [HTML](0) [PDF 8.74 M](711)

Abstract:
The Carboniferous strata are widely exposed in the Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang. The following parts of these upper Carboniferous strata, including the Halaalate and Aladeyikesai formations in the West Junggar region, the Shiqiantan Formation in the East Junggar region, and the Qijiagou and Aoertu formations in the southern part of the basin, consist of marine volcanic-sedimentary sequences. In this study, nine genera and seventeen species of rugose corals as well as two genera and three species of tabulate corals are recognized from the limestone beds or interbeds, and siliciclastic rocks in the above-mentioned strata. Three new species of dissepimented solitary rugose corals are described from the Shiqiantan Formation. The geological age of these corals ranges mainly from the Bashkirian to the Moscovian. The abundance and diversity of corals in the West Junggar region are significantly lower than those in the eastern and southeastern regions. With regard to the composition of the coral fauna, the species of Caninophyllum from the Halaalate Formation and the widespread distribution of the genus Cystodendropora suggest that the coral assemblages from various regions of the Junggar Basin are comparable. Furthermore, in conjunction with a compilation of the published data on the upper Carboniferous strata from the Junggar Basin, almost half of the known coral species are endemic elements. This study suggests that the distribution and composition of the coral fauna are closely tied to the formation of trapped Junggar Ocean during the late Carboniferous.

7 Discovery of Early Triassic microconchids in shallow-water clastic facies from western Guizhou Province and its palaeoecological significance

JIANG Guan-fan , LIU Jing-qi , CHEN An-feng , LYU Wen-bo , ZHANG Hang , ZHANG Yang

2024, 63(1):94-101. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023027 CSTR:

[Abstract](75) [HTML](0) [PDF 7.28 M](695)

Abstract:
Microconchids are a group of aquatic phoronid animals mainly in fixation lifestyle. They are widely distributed in the strata from the Ordovician to Jurassic. This study reports abundant calcareous microconchid fossils and their molds from the mudstone layers of the Lower Triassic Yelang Formation at the Bozhou section in Zunyi and the Liuzhi section in Liupanshui, Guizhou Province. These fossils are excellently preserved with unique microcrystalline structures consisting of micro-lamellar layers of parallel fibers. In this paper, a total of four species in two genera belonging to two microconchid families are identified. This is the first discovery of microconchids in the Early Triassic shallow-water clastic facies from South China. Palaeoecologically, this microconchid community shows low diversity and high abundance, typical characteristics of an ecological disaster taxon with strong adaptability to the harsh marine environment of the Early Triassic.

8 A new specimen of the early-branching sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Chuanjie Basin, Lufeng, Yunnan Province

ZHAO Ran-chen , ZHANG Shi-tao , YOU Hai-lu , WANG Ya-ming , ZHANG Qian-nan , WANG Tao

2024, 63(1):102-111. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023030 CSTR:

[Abstract](346) [HTML](0) [PDF 2.70 M](1002)

Abstract:
At present, early-branching sauropodomorph dinosaurs from China are mainly discovered in the Lower Jurassic in Lufeng, Yunnan Province. A new specimen of the early-branching sauropodomorph from the Lufeng Formation of the Chuanjie Basin, Lufeng, including relatively complete cervical and dorsal vertebrae as well as a broken scapula, pubes and pedal elements, is described here. The osteological morphology of the new specimen is described in detail and compared with other early-branching sauropodomorphs. The specimen is more similar to that of Lufengosaurus than to other early-branching sauropodomorphs from the Lufeng Formation. Phylogenetic analysis recovers this specimen as a part of a polytomy with Coloradisaurus and Glacialisaurus, and they are referred to Massospondylidae along with Lufengosaurus. The unfused centrum and neural arch of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae of the new specimen indicate that the ontogenetic stage of this individual is juvenile–subadult. This discovery increases the diversity of Massospondylidae from Asia, and expands our knowledge of the Lufeng dinosaur fauna.

9 The dental morphology and ontogeny analysis of the Mid–Late Pleistocene Stegodon orientalis (Mammalia: Proboscidea) from Sichuan

LIAO Gui-lan , LIU Jian , ZHOU Yu

2024, 63(1):112-124. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023054 CSTR:

[Abstract](124) [HTML](0) [PDF 10.00 M](629)

Abstract:
The Sichuan Basin is one of the earliest regions in China to discover and study Quaternary mammalian fossils, with the main research hotspot areas being in Chongqing. While there are few studies in the Sichuan region. Stegodon orientalis Owen, 1870 is one of the most common species in the Pleistocene Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna of southern China. However, its classification and evolution have currently not yet been formed into a unified understanding, and its ontogeny is still not researched enough. This study delves into the dental morphology and ontogeny analysis of 17 specimens of S. orientalis from the Sichuan region, preserved in the Chengdu Natural History Museum (Chengdu University of Technology Museum). Based on tooth eruption and wear, those materials’s ontogeny can be divided into 5 age groups, including neonate, juvenile, sub-adult, adult, and old adult. This study fills the gap in the aspects of dental morphology characteristics and ontogeny analysis of Ailuropoda–Stegodon fauna in the Sichuan region. It also provides essential data for further refining the classification, phylogeny, and evolutionary studies of Stegodon.

Volume 63,Issue 1,2024 Table of Contents

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