Volume 61,Issue 2,2022 Table of Contents

1 Moult configurations of the Ptychopariid trilobite Eosoptychoparia guizhouensis from the Cambrian Wuliuan Stage in Jianhe, Guizhou

CHEN Sheng-guang , ZHAO Yuan-long , CHEN Zheng-peng

2022, 61(2):165-176. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2021048 CSTR:

[Abstract](273) [HTML](0) [PDF 13.97 M](2086)

Abstract:
A large number of trilobite exuviae discarded during moult were collected from the Kaili Formation (Cambrian Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) in Guizhou, China. In this paper, 25 out of 308 specimens were identified as moulted exoskeletons of Eosoptychoparia guizhouensis, based on the preservation status of cranidium, librigenae, and rostral plate, the moulted configurations preservation of Eosoptychoparia guizhouensis follow three modes: Somersault’s configuration, Harrington’s configuration and Henningsmoen’s configuration, whose formation process is briefly discussed as follow. The exuviaes of E. guizhouensis, in mostly cases, display a typical moult configuration, in which the librigenae connected to the rostral plate as a whole moulted and scattered below or around the exuviae, and the cranidium was connected or slightly split to the thorax. It is indicated that E. guizhouensis mainly completes the moulting by breaking the cephalon sutures (facial suture and rostral suture), and the moult configurations of Somersault’s configuration, Harrington’s configuration and Henningsmoen’s configuration are formed due to the different movement patterns during the moulting process. By describing and explaining the moult modes and process in trilobite E. guizhouensis, this paper provides new materials for the moult configurations and process in Ptychopariid trilobites.

2 Jiangxigraptus Yu and Fang 1966 from the Upper Ordovician of southern Hunan Province

GAO Shi-jia , DU Ming-hao , WANG Wen-hui

2022, 61(2):177-196. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2021054 CSTR:

[Abstract](205) [HTML](0) [PDF 78.22 M](1864)

Abstract:
During the Late Ordovician, the southern part of Hunan Province was a depression basin, which recorded a continuous Sandbian-Katian biostratigraphic sequence of graptolitic shales. Herein we conduct a biostratigraphic study of the graptolites, mainly focusing on the genus Jiangxigraptus from the Shuangjiakou B section of Qidong County, Hunan Province. Based on the latest taxonomic classification scheme, six species are recognized, including Jiangxigraptus alabamensis (Ruedemann), Jiangxigraptus divaricatus (Hall), Jiangxigraptus gurleyi (Lapworth), Jiangxigraptus intortus (Lapworth), Jiangxigraptus sextans (Hall) and Jiangxigraptus vagus (Hadding). Moreover, this paper also discusses the palaeogeographic distribution of Jiangxigraptus. The results show that Jiangxigraptus is of critical importance in recognizing the Sandbian-Katian strata. Therefore, menmbers of this genus are suggested as auxiliary index for the biostratigraphic correlation of the base of the Upper Ordovician in regions such as South China

3 Middle–Late Ordovician cephalopod faunas from western Hunan and Hubei provinces, South China

FANG Xiang , CHEN Ting-en , WANG Wen-hui , ZHANG Yun-bai

2022, 61(2):197-216. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2021040 CSTR:

[Abstract](289) [HTML](0) [PDF 10.86 M](2102)

Abstract:
In the middle Yangtze region, continuous and well-exposed Middle to Upper Ordovician strata yield abundant cephalopod fossils. This paper describes the systematic palaeontology and biostratigraphy of cephalopods of the Middle–Late Ordovician age based on specimens from the Kuniutan, Datianba/Miaopo, Pagoda and Linhsiang formations at the Chenjiahe section in Yichang, Hubei Province, and the Maocaopu section in Taoyuan, Hunan Province. From a collection of more than 1000 specimens, 46 species in 24 genera have been identified. Among them, six new species belonging to five genera have been systematically described here, and their biostratigraphy has been discussed and redefined. In light of the Middle–Late Ordovician cephalopod faunas, two cephalopod biozones, in ascending order, the Sinoceras chinense and the Richardsonoceras simplex biozones, have been recognized in the Pagoda and Linhsiang formations at the Chenjiahe section. Four biozones, including the Proterovaginoceras incognitum, the Ancistroceras undulatum, the Cyclolituites and the Sinoceras chinense biozones, have been defined in the Kuniutan, Datianba and the lower part of the Pagoda formations at the Maocaopu section. Based on the new results and redefinition of the previously established biozones, a total of five cephalopod biozones in the Dawan (middle part), Kuniutan, Datianba (or Miaopo), Pagoda and Linhsiang formations in South China are proposed. These are, in ascending order, the Proterovaginoceras incognitum, the Meitanoceras-Ancistroceras, the Lituites-Cyclolituites, the Sinoceras chinense, and the Richardsonoceras simplex biozones.

4 Revision of the Devonian clam shrimp (Diplostraca: Spinicaudata) from the Canadian Arctic and discussion on the early morphotypes of the leaiins

SHEN Yan-bin , WU Xiao-chun

2022, 61(2):217-225. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2021054 CSTR:

[Abstract](200) [HTML](0) [PDF 3.75 M](1832)

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In 1962, M. J. Copeland studied and published the clam shrimp specimens from the Devonian MelvilleIsland Formation of the Canadian Arctic. The authors of this paper examined Copeland’s type specimens during their visit to the Geological Survey of Canada at Ottawa in the fall of 2014. Based on the newly discovered taxonomic characters observed on the carapace, the following revisions have been made. The multi-ribbed genus Pteroleaia (Pteroleaiinae of Rostroleaiidae) represents the most special group of clam shrimp in the Middle or Upper Devonian strata in the Canadian Arctic. In addition to Pteroleaia, the same slab from locality 24866 (8 km southwest of Kelly Point) also contains a new species, Rhabdostichus arcticensis sp. nov. (Rhabdostichidae), which represents the first record of the genus in the Canadian Arctic beyond North and Central USA and Alberta, Canada. The specimens from Dundas Peninsula that were previously identified as Asmussia canadensis should be reassigned to the genus Cornia (Vertexiinae of Lioesthriidae) based on the presence of a node on the larval valve. Thus, the geological history of this genus can be traced back to the Middle Devonian. These revisions not only have enriched our knowledge on the Devonian clam shrimp group in the Canadian Arctic but also have added new information on the origin and the early history of the leaiin clam shrimp. In addition, interrelationships among the three early groups of the Leaiina are discussed. The multi-ribbed Pteroleaia from the Canadian Artic is very different from the early forms from Estonia and China in that its carapace possesses 3–5 radial carinae and the growth lines are sinuously recurved. Pteroleaia is a special form that represents a primitive stage in the evolution of the Leaiina and became extinct shortly after its origin. The two-ribbed Leaiidae have been considered to represent the main line of the leaiin evolution. The Hepuleaia-dominated clam shrimp assemblage of the Givetian strata of Guangdong, China, which also contains tworibbed forms, represents the earliest occurrence of the Leaiina, suggesting that the suborder may have originated in China rather than Europe.

5 Discussion on geological age and phytogeographic division of the Middle Jurassic flora in the Baojishan Basin of Gansu Province

XIN Cun-lin , DI Guo-yun , WANG Jing-jing , JIAO Zhi-peng , LIU Song-xin , ZHAO Han

2022, 61(2):226-238. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2021034 CSTR:

[Abstract](175) [HTML](0) [PDF 8.63 M](1972)

Abstract:
In this paper, we discuss the geological age and phytogeographic division of the Jurassic flora in the Baojishan Basin of Gansu Province, Northwest China. Totally 53 species of 18 genera of plant fossils are recoginzed from this flora, indicating that it was dominated by Ginkgophyta (24 species of 10 genera), Pteridophyta (22 species of 5 genera), Cyeadophytes (3 species of 1 genera), Coniferopsida (2 species of 1 genera), and Spheanoposida (2 speciesof 1 genera). The composition of the flora is dominated by Ginkgophyta and Pteridophyta, with relatively few other plant taxa. Based oncomparisons with other related floras, we suggested that the age of the flora is early Middle Jurassic, i.e., Aalenian to Bajocian. The phytogeographical position of Baojishan flora belongs to the Northern China Phytoprivince. Additionally, the Middle Jurassic floras of northern China are further analyzed and divided by cluster analysis. By calculating the similarity coefficient of genus and species among adjacent paleofloras near the Baojishan Basin, the results show that the paleofloras of Baojishan and Huating are relatively more closer in phytogeographical context.

6 New early Pleistocene murid rodents from the East Fissure-fillings at Laili Hill, Fanchang, Anhui, China

WANG Yuan , HUANG Bai-ting , WANG Yi-sa , XU Fan , JIN Chang-zhu

2022, 61(2):239-255. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2021053 CSTR:

[Abstract](224) [HTML](0) [PDF 13.10 M](2156)

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Abundant Pleistocene mammalian faunas have been unearthed from the cave deposits and fissure-fillings along the Yangtze River Basin in China. The micro-mammalian faunas are characterized by the large number of specimens and rapid evolutionary rates. Therefore, these fossil assemblages play an important role in Quaternary biostratigraphic correlations. The new murid rodents from the East Fissure-fillings at Laili Hill, Fanchang, Anhui, on the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, eastern China, are described in this study. This fossil assemblage includes Apodemus cf. A. asianicus, Micromys minutus, Chiropodomys cf. C. primitivus, Vandeleuriasp., Niviventer cf. N. preconfucianus, Leopoldamys sp., Berylmys cf. B. bowersi and Rattus sp. Eight species in eight genera are identified, of which three species (37.5%) are extinct, two species (25%) are extant, and the other three species (37.5%) are undetermined. Based on the morphological differences and evolutionary levels of the fossil species, the murid fauna from the East Fissure-fillings is obviously more advanced than those from the Renzidong Cave of Fanchang in Anhui and Longgupo site of Wushan in Chongqing, and slightly more advanced than that from the Longgudong Cave of Jianshi in Hubei. The geological age of the East Fissure Fauna is estimated to be late early Pleistocene. In addition, the initial stratigraphic sequence (in chronological order) of the early Pleistocene murid faunas from the Yangtze River Basin is also proposed: Rezidong Fauna (2.20–2.56 Ma BP) and Longgupo Fauna (2.20–2.50 Ma BP)—Longgudong Fauna (1.20–1.60 Ma BP)—East Fissure Fauna (estimated at 0.78–1.20 Ma BP).

7 An overview of vertebrate paleopathology and Mesozoic vertebrate paleopathological records of China

WANG Dong-hao , XING Li-da

2022, 61(2):256-268. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.20210013 CSTR:

[Abstract](385) [HTML](0) [PDF 6.88 M](1870)

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Palaeopathology is a relatively new and interdisciplinary subject, involving pathology, biology, physical anthropology, ar-chaeology, and other fields. Over the past few years, more and more Mesozoic vertebrate paleontological records have been studied. Information found on fossilized bones, through the research of destruction, volume change, deformation, hyperplasia and tumor, has attracted increasing attention around the world. Diseases such as fractures, scratches and infections, vertebral fusion, arthritis, and dental disease have been reported in dinosaurs (including aves), squamates, and mammal-like reptiles from China. The current study of specimens with palaeopathological characteristics has more potential for further discussion and research in China. This paper introduces the major research methods and international progress of palaeopathology based on the skeletal palaeopathological records of the Mesozoic vertebrate fossils from China, analyzing the pathogenetic princi-ples, potential behavioral information, and effects of these lesions on animal survival and ecology. An overview of the re-search methods of pathology and potential future directions (e.g., using pathology to study the morphological function and social behavior of vertebrates) is presented.

8 Application of computational fluid dynamics in paleontology — a case study of a simulation model of Cambrian eocrinoid using COMSOL software

LI Cong , ZHAO Yuan-long , LAN Tian

2022, 61(2):269-279. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2021058 CSTR:

[Abstract](241) [HTML](0) [PDF 12.40 M](2072)

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Functional analysis of the fossil traits is one of the significant topics in paleontology and paleoecology. However, many long-standing functional and ecological hypotheses are controversial. One of many reasons is the lackof living organisms to compare with. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) opens a new window in paleontological research. The CFD is a method for simulating the interaction between solid surfaces and their surrounding fluid. The results of fluid properties within the flow domain can be visualized as plots and exact mechanics-related values by using a computer to numerically solve the fluid motion described by complex equations. As a multi-physical field simulation software, COMSOL multiphysics is suitable for CFD simulation of the model of fossils. In this paper, the hydrodynamic simulation of eocrinoid model from the Kaili Formation was employed as a case study to test the hypothesis that spiral brachioles would have created a turbulent zone around them. The simulation results show that there is no turbulent vortex around the brachioles but a low-velocity region within the current velocities from 0.01 m/s to 0.5 m/s. The formation of the low velocity zone enables the eocrinoid to gather food. In addition, this paper introduces detailed operation steps of hydrodynamics simulation using COMSOL, hoping to help more researchers understand and use CFD method in their studies.

9 Metadata standard on palaeontological specimens

XU Hong-he , NIE Ting , GUO Wen , CHEN Yan-sen , YUAN Wen-wei

2022, 61(2):280-290. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2022007 CSTR:

[Abstract](185) [HTML](0) [PDF 3.50 M](1986)

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The metadata standard on fossil specimens is proposed based on the palaeontological research status and the fossil collections of several institutions. This metadata standard includes ten core elements and one metadata entity. The ten core elements contain Title, Data Identifier, License URI, Keyword, Description, Fossil Specimen Parameter, Online Address, Creator, Create Date, and Access Constraints. The metadata entity is Point Of Contact. Fossil Specimen Parameter includes physical information, systematic palaeontology information, stratigraphic information, and high dimensional information of fossil specimens. The establishment of metadata standard on the palaeontological specimens facilitates the development toward the standardization of fossil specimen data. The standard will benefit sorting, collecting, interoperating, retrieving, searching, sharing, and using fossil data, and promote the new paradigm shift toward data-driven research in paleontology and stratigraphy.

10 Comparative study of three quantitative methods for biostratigraphic correlations

ZHAO Ying-ying , WANG Yue

2022, 61(2):291-304. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2021111 CSTR:

[Abstract](274) [HTML](0) [PDF 9.55 M](2176)

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Quantitative stratigraphy, based on the principles of biostratigraphy and mathematical models, is a new research field compared with traditional stratigraphy. Traditional stratigraphic researstratigraphic framework and to make correlations among different sections. This method, in which only the index fossils are emphasized while other fossils are ignored, relies largely on personal experiences. On the other hand, quantitative stratigraphy aims to make full use of the stratigraphic information by translating all fossil records into structured data and reconstruct a composite time scale with mathematical tools, such as regression, graph theory and randomized algorithms. Quantitative methods have remarkably improved the resolution of stratigraphic correlation, which is critical for understanding geological events that span a relatively short time interval and a wide geographic range. At present, there are three commonly used quantitative methods, including Graphic Correlation, Constrained Optimization (CONOP) and Unitary Association Method (UAM). In this study we introduce the fundamentals of the three methods and evaluate the possible factors that may influence correlation outcomes using mathematical models. Four factors, including the distribution of index fossils among the sections, the number of species studied, the proportions of species occurring in more than one section and the proportion of singletons are considered. Our results show that Graphic Correlation is highly dependent on the isochronous biostratigraphic events such as first appearance data of index fossils. This method is reliable when the biostratigraphic timeframe is well-established, but not suitable for the situation that sections have different regional time scales. UAM responses significantly to the proportion of common species and singletons, and shows high bias and constrained power of resolution, based on its algorithm. In contrast, CONOP has the highest applicability and obtains a relatively stable outcome with different factors considered.

11 The 30th Annual Conference of Paleontological Society of China held successfully

Secretariat of Palaeontological Society of China

2022, 61(2):328-328. CSTR:

[Abstract](109) [HTML](0) [PDF 359.67 K](1517)

Abstract:

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