Volume 59,Issue 4,2020 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Productoid brachiopods from the Devonian (Famennian) Gelaohe and Car-boniferous (Tournaisian) Tangbagou formations of the Dushan area of Gui-zhou, China
    NIE Ting GUO Wen ZHANG Yu-bo SUN Yuan-lin
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.044
    [Abstract](483) [HTML](0) [PDF 45.04 M](2169)
    Abstract:
    Ten species belonging to eight genera of productoid brachiopods (including indeterminate species) from the Upper Devonian Gelaohe and Lower Carboniferous Tangbagou formations in the Dushan area of Guizhou Province were described in this paper. The Gelaohe Formation contains Productella? sp., Yanguania dushanensis, Xinshaoproductus xinshaoensis and X. quadrata. Apart from sharing Productella? sp., Yanguania dushanensis, and Xinshaoproductus xinshaoensis with the Gelaohe Formation, the Tangbagou Formation also yields Hunanoproductus hunanensis, Spinocarinifera qilinzhaiensis sp. nov., Yanguania? sp., Tomiproductus sp., Ozora? sp., and Ericiatia kiangsuensis. The productoid brachiopods of these two formations are dominated by elements of the family Productidae (super-family Productoidea) in composition, and have only one representative of the family Productellidae and one of the family Sentosiidae (super-family Echinoconchoidea). Hunano-productus and Xinshaoproductus are first recognized in southern Guizhou in this study, and the former is preserved in a lower horizon than that in central Hunan Province. The Lower Carboniferous Tangbagou Formation in southern Guizhou witnesses the latest occurrence of Productella, which was previously recorded from Givetian to Frasnian of Eurasia and Up-per Devonian of Central Hunan. Spinocarinifera are widely recorded from Tournaisian or Tournaisian to Visean of Eurasia, North America, western Australia, and northern Africa. The new species S. qilinzhaiensis sp. nov. established herein, charac-terized by round quadrate outline, relatively short hinge line, small and flat ears, and weak but complete ribbings, is the only representative of the genera in South China. The spatial-temporal distribution of Tomiproductus generally accords with that of Spinocarinifera abroad, while in South China, Tomiproductus was recorded in the Liujiatang Formation of central Hunan and the Jinling Formation of Lower Yangtze area. The Ozora in southern Guizhou, if classified correctly, is the lowermost occurrence of the genus, lower than the records in the lower Visean of Missouri, US, and the Lower Carboniferous of South Mexico. The productids in southern Guizhou have a relatively low biodiversity in the Upper Devonian Gelaohe Formation, mainly comprising endemic genera such as Yanguania and Xinshaoproductus. The composition of productids in southern Guizhou was obviously affected by the Tournaisian transgression. Several cosmopolitan genera, including Spinocarinifera, Tomiproductus, Ozora, appeared in the Lower Carboniferous Tangbagou Formation this area, accompanied by the long-endurance endemic genera from the Gelaohe Formation, and thus obviously increased the biodiversity. Meanwhile, the biogeographical affinity among southern Guizhou, central Hunan, and Euramerica became closer due to the Tournaisian transgression in southern China.
    2  Trace fossils and their paleoenvironmental significance of the Permi-an–Triassic succession in the Gannan region of western Qinling
    DANG Zhi-ying ZHANG Li-jun
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.021
    [Abstract](334) [HTML](0) [PDF 7.98 M](1941)
    Abstract:
    Abundant trace fossils are found in the Permian Lopingian to Middle Triassic bathyal-abyssal strata of the Gannan region from Western Qinling, China, which can be distinguished into domichnia, fodinichnia, cubichnia and pascichnia. Fourteen ichnogenera were identified, including Arenicolites, Chondrites, Dictyodora, Diplichnites, Diplopodichnus, Helminthopsis, Laevicyclus, Lockeia, Nereites, Palaeophycus, ?Phycodes, Planolites, Protovirgularia, and Scolicia. The Lopingian Maomaolong Formation mainly consists of Protovirgularia, Dictyodora–Helminthopsipsis, and Diplichnites–Palaeophycus assemblages. These three trace fossil assemblages are mainly composed of fodinichnia and pascichnia, indicating a continen-tal slope environment. The Diplopodichnus–Planolites assemblage was identified in the Early Triassic Shan-ga-ling Group, which combining with associated lithology and sedimentary structures, suggest a base-of-slope apron environment. The Middle Triassic Gulangdi Formation is composed of Laevicyclus assemblage and diverse sedimentary structures, represent-ing a proximal-mid fan of turbidite fan environment.
    3  Discovery of important taxonomic features in fossil clam shrimp genus Loxomegaglypta (Crustacea: Spinicaudata)
    LI Gang
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.043
    [Abstract](556) [HTML](0) [PDF 20.42 M](3163)
    Abstract:
    Re-examination of the holotype specimen of the clam shrimp type species Loxomegaglypta wetlugiana Novojilov, 1958 us-ing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has revealed details of carapace features with important taxonomic value, which have never been described hitherto. The new features include: growth bands in the middle and ventral part of the carapace are ornamented with circular, angular or elliptical sieve-like fine pits (15 to 25 μm in diameter), which are surrounded by vari-ously shaped, wide swellings. Puncta (4 to 6 μm in diameter) occur not only in the pits, but also on the surrounding swell-ings. This ornamentation pattern is different from the originally described angular reticulation, and thus the diagnosis of Loxomegaglypta is emended.
    4  Early Cretaceous scleractinian corals from Xenkyer, Baingoin, Xizang (Tibet)
    WANG Yong-sheng SUN Ji-bin WANG Yan ZHENG Chun-zi YUE Zong-yuan LIAO Wei-hua
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.038
    [Abstract](551) [HTML](0) [PDF 35.71 M](2188)
    Abstract:
    The Early Cretaceous scleractinian corals described in the present paper were collected by the Geological Survey of Jilin Province from the Duomi and Langshan formations of Xenkyer, Baingoin, Xizang (Tibet). These fossil corals occur in asso-ciation with some typical Early Cretaceous Orbitolina. The scleractinian corals described and illustrated comprise 10 species within 10 genera including 3 new species. They include: Cyathophora ? sp., Stylina namcoensis sp. nov., Epistreptophyllum cf. diatritum Wu, 1975, Protethmos cf. discus Liao and Xia, 1985, Axosmilia sp., Placophyllia baingoingensis sp. nov., Hydnophora styriaca (Michelin), 1847, Eohydnophora baingoinensis sp. nov. Prototrochocyathus ? sp., Ironella giseldonensis Starostina and Krasnov, 1970. Although the material described herein are not much, a few genera and species afford evidence for constraining the age of the fossil–bearing deposits. Even the geological range of the greater part of the genera is from the Jurassic to Cretaceous, however, the genera Eohydnophora and Prototrochocyathus are the characteristic Cretaceous corals. The genus Eohyd-nophora has hitherto been known from the Cretaceous of Japan and China. The range of Hydnophora lasted from Creta-ceous up to now but the holotype of Hydnophora styriaca (Michelin) was from the Upper Cretaceous of Austria. Taken to-gether, the fossil asemblage indicates an Early Cretaceous age, obviously bearing a much closer relationship with those of Japan, the Himalayas, the Caucasus, the Carpathians, the Alps, Austria, Germany and France. Since very few scleractinian corals have been reported from the Early Cretaceous of Tibet, these fossils are important for the stratigraphical correlation of the Cretaceous in Tibet.
    5  Progress of rice bulliform phytolith research on wild–domesticated characteristics
    HUAN Xiu-jia LU Hou-yuan WANG Can ZHANG Jian-ping
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.025
    [Abstract](451) [HTML](0) [PDF 2.17 M](1950)
    Abstract:
    In recent years, phytolith analysis has been widely used in archaeological research, providing new method and key evidence on the study of agriculture origin around the world. Among the studies on rice agriculture origin, rice bulliform phytolith plays an important role in the discovery and identification of rice remains. The key to study agriculture origin is to discover archaeological plant remains and accurately identify their wild–domesticated characteristics. This paper introduces the re-search history from qualitative to quantitative on the identification of rice bulliform phytoliths, focuses on the new progress of fish-scale decoration research in rice bulliform phytoliths from topsoil of modern wild rice growing areas, domesticated paddy fields, and dry paddy fields, clarified the criteria for individual phytolith identification, selection, and fish-scale decora-tion counting. On this basis, the possible causes and mechanism of the difference in fish-scale decorations between wild and domesticated rice bulliform phytolith are discussed. It is hoped that through the summary and discussion of this paper, phy-tolith analysis can be more accurately and widely used in the study of crop origin and spread.
    6  The Chinese names of fossil plants: status, problems and suggestions
    HUANG Pu FU Qiang DONG Chong MENG Mei-cen WANG Zi-xi JIA Lin-bo LIU Le QIN Min SHI Xiao
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.039
    [Abstract](364) [HTML](0) [PDF 472.45 K](1923)
    Abstract:
    The Chinese names of fossil plants, namely Chinese translations of scientific names of fossil plants, play an import role in research and popular science of paleobotany and history of plant evolutionary biology in China. However, a number of con-fusions of Chinese names of fossil plants that occurred in the literature greatly hindered the dissemination and population of paleobotanical science due to lacking enough attention and a unified standard of Chinese names for fossil plants. Here, we summarize several issues of Chinese names of fossil plants, including synonym, tautonym, awkward-sounding, rarely-used Chinese characters, based on the data collected from Chinese paleobotany literature and textbooks. These issues and confu-sions reflect that it is urgent for a standardization of the Chinese names of fossil plants, and publish a dictionary and the cor-responding network query system of Chinese-Latin names for plant fossils. The purpose is not only to unify and standardize the Chinese names of fossil plants, but also to provide reference for the Chinese names of fossil animals.
    7  The origin and evolution of Thalattosaurs
    SUN Yuan-yuan CUI Jie LIU Jun
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2019.034
    [Abstract](1091) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.66 M](3973)
    Abstract:
    Thalattosaurs are one of the three major groups of top reptilian predators in the Triassic marine ecosystems, the study of which is a key to our understanding of biotic recovery from the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. Significant advancement has been achieved in the last decades in studying biodiversity and phylogeny of Thalattosaurs. However, the origin of Thalatto-saurs and the process forming the biogeographical pattern of Thalattosaurs largely remains an enigma. We review here the recent progress in the study of Thalattosaurs in terms of its origin, species diversity, phylogeny and biogeography. Our re-view shows that large gap exists in the research of Thalattosaurs. Future research should be focused on field work in the early part of the Triassic strata to search for more primitive Thalattosaurs. This is necessary to elucidate its origin. A first-hand systematic review of Thalattosaurs from SW China should be performed to clarify the true biodiversity of Thalat-tosaurs, which is also a basis for a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of thalattosaurian relationships. Finally, the study of the physiology and paleoecology of Thalattosaurs via the investigation of long bone histology and microanatomy is of great significance in establishing the process forming the biogeographical pattern of Thalattosaurs.
    8  Review on the research of rare earth elements in microbialites
    CHEN Yu-xuan LIU Jian-bo
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.032
    [Abstract](375) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.48 M](2255)
    Abstract:
    The composition characteristics of rare earth elements (REE) in ancient sedimentary rocks play an important role in explain-ing the source of REE in palaeoseawater and the geochemical evolution of seawater. Marine inorganic and biogenic minerals have various problems in preserving the information of REE of ancient seawater. Early studies believe that microbialites was the most reliable geological sample that can record REE signals in ancient seawater because of its induced mineralization. However, the latest research has found that diagenesis and terrigenous clastics inputs can cause the fractionation of REE in microbialites, which may bias palaeoenvironmental interpretations. However, the mechanism of non-seawater controlling factors on the fractionation of REE in microbialites is not clear, and there is a lack of systematic research, which leads to questioning the reliability of REE in microbialites to indicate paleoenvironment. How to extract true and reliable ancient sea-water REE signals from microbialites is the main problem in the future research, which is key for solving the major scientific problems of the evolution of REE in ancient seawater over time, and for understanding the co-evolution of biology and envi-ronment in geological history.
    9  Conodont image recognition based on transfer learning of deep residual neural network
    LIU Tian-zi CHEN Xin LI Xiang FAN Ru LIU Yi-peng LI Huan-jing
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.042
    [Abstract](399) [HTML](0) [PDF 5.94 M](2193)
    Abstract:
    This paper aims to explore the image recognition effect of conodonts based on deep neural network model. Eight kinds of Ordovician conodonts were selected as the research objects. 1188 photos of conodonts were taken under stereomicroscope, and 778 SEM images of conodonts were collected from published papers. The image data set was divided into training set and test set. In order to solve the problem of insufficient training samples, the methods of data augmentation of rotating, flip-ping, and filtering are used. Five residual neural network models of resnet-18, resnet-34, resnet-50, resnet-101 and res-net-152, were used to train to obtain the transfer learning model parameters. The top-1 test accuracy for the five models is 85.37%, 85.85%, 83.90%, 81.95%, and 80.00% respectively. The top-2 test accuracy is 94.63%, 94.63%, 94.15%, 93.17%, and 93.66% respectively. It was found that resnet-34 recognition has the highest test accuracy, which indicates that for the simple fossil like conodonts, increasing the depth of network does not improve the test accuracy. Selecting the appropriate depth model can not only improve the recognition accuracy, but also save computing resources. By comparing the transfer learning and retraining results of resnet-34 model, it was found that transfer learning can not only obtain high accuracy, but also quickly obtain model parameters, which is an important method for small sample fossil image recognition. The recogni-tion accuracy of conodont image under stereomicroscope is higher than that under scanning electron microscope. Integrity and similarity of conodont, camera angle, and dataset size are the main factors that affects the image recognition accuracy.
    10  The 2020 editorial board meeting of Acta Palaeontologica Sinica held
    中国古生物学会秘书处
    2020, 59(4).
    [Abstract](300) [HTML](0) [PDF 200.75 K](1655)
    Abstract:
    2020年10月17日, 中国古生物学会十二届三次理事会在甘肃和政召开。中国古生物学会副理事长、《古生物学报》主编王永栋向理事会报告了《古生物学报》2019–2020年工作进展, 介绍了一年多来在编委会换届、学报改版、出版专辑、网络投审稿、网络首发、多媒体传播、编辑规范及青年编辑队伍等方面所取得的积极成果。理事会期间, 同时召开了《古生物学报》2020年编委会会议, 新一届《古生物学报》编委会成员、主编和副主编以及编辑部成员等20余人参加会议。
    11  Exuviation of trilobite Nangaops danzhaiensis Zhou in Lu et al., 1974 from the Cambrian “Tsinghsutung Formation” of Balang, Guizhou
    XU Liu-en ZHAO Yuan-long Chen Zheng-peng ZHAO Xiao-yun
    2020, 59(4). DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2019.023
    [Abstract](297) [HTML](0) [PDF 6.30 M](1931)
    Abstract:
    Nangaops danzaoensis (Zhou in Lu et al., 1974) is a trilobite that was collected from Tsinghsutung Formation in Balang Village, Jianhe County, Guizhou Province. In total, 36 specimens in Songshan Section, were productive for this study. We identified three preservation states from the specimens: 32 specimens were completely preserved without displacement; free cheeks are not preserved in three specimens; one specimen has no free cheeks, whereas they appeared from the fourth to eleventh thoracic segments. The free cheeks overlaps with the thoracic segments and under the carapace. The genal spine of free cheeks pointed to head, shows 180 degrees of flipping. According to the preserved state, four molting specimens were identified. The mechanism of the molting process is interpreted as follows: facial suture separated with seawater entering, followed by free cheek and epistomal plate turning downwards, and finally the postecdysial trilobite struggled to get rid of proecdysial exuvia. Such information gives an important insight into in-situ burial, and provides evidence that the Jiianhe bi-ota were autochthonous.

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