Volume 57,Issue 4,2018 Table of Contents

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  • 1  ICHNODISPARITY: ANOTHER VIEW OF CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION
    LIU Meng-yao,ZHANG Li-jun
    2018, 57(4):415-423.
    [Abstract](494) [HTML](39) [PDF 3.31 M](1758)
    Abstract:
    Ichnodisparity has been recently introduced as a concept to assess the variability of morphologic plans, revealing major innovations in body plan, locomotive system and behavior patterns. Ichnodisparity is evaluated based on the identification of categories of architectural design, whereas ichnodiversity is measured in terms of the number of ichnotaxa (i.e. ichnogenera and/or ichnospecies).This study summarizes ninety ichnogenera and identifies forty architectural designs during the Precambrian-Cambrian transition (Ediacaran, Terreneuvian, Epoch 2). There are 22 architectural designs and 32 ichnogenera found in the Ediacaran, and 38 architectural designs and 84 ichnogenera for the Terreneuvian and Epoch 2 of Cambrian.Trace fossil data of the Precambrian-Cambrian transition reveals that ichnodisparity and ichnodiversity both expanded during this period. The significant increase in ichnodisparity and ichnodiversity in the Precambrian-Cambrian transition, reveals that the variety and numbers, body plans, locomotive modes and the complexity of behavior processes of organisms have increased dramatically in the Cambrian, which effectively support the Cambrian explosion event from the ichnological evidences. Combining the studies of ichnodisparity and ichnodiversity will further enhance the significance of ichnology in thestudy of evolutionary paleontology.
    2  OCCURRENCE OF SICYOPHORUS FROM THE EARLY CAMBRIAN GUANSHAN BIOTA
    DONG Cun-zhi,HU Shi-xue,ZHAO Fang-chen
    2018, 57(4):424-428.
    [Abstract](378) [HTML](54) [PDF 1.19 M](1856)
    Abstract:
    A single individual of sicyophorids is discovered from the early Cambrian Guanshan biota in Yunnan, South China. The new finding represents the third occurrence of sicyophorids following the Chengjiang Lagerst?tte (Cambrian Series II, Stage 3) and the Kaili Lagerst?tte (Cambrian Series III, Stage 4), providing new information of the lifestyle and evolution of this animal group. Limited geographic distribution of sicyophorids indicates that this group is probably an endemic clade of the Cambrian fauna.
    3  QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENTS AND IMPLICATIONS ON THECAL MORPHOLOGY IN CAMBRIAN EOCRINOIDS FROM GUIZHOU PROVINCE
    WANG De-zhi,PENG Jin
    2018, 57(4):429-443.
    [Abstract](372) [HTML](21) [PDF 2.68 M](1698)
    Abstract:
    Eocrinoids are a representative fossil group of the Cambrian Balang biota and Kaili biota. The Balang Formation and the Kaili Formation, containing Balang biota and Kaili biota, are composed of green-grey mudstone and shale. Eocrinoids, a typical ecological group in outer shelf deep-water facies, are well-preserved in large amounts in middle-upper part of the Balang Formation and the Kaili Formation. Based on measured data of thecal morphology (including landmark data and linear distances) of 105 samples among 4 species: 36 Guizhoueocrinus yui, 29 Protogloboeocrinus yini, 20 Globoeocrinus globulus and 20 Sinoeocrinus lui, we use traditional morphometric method and geometric morphometric method to investigate the morphological variation of thecal morphology of 4 eocrinoid species. The results show that little difference can be found in thecal size. Morphological variation of theca between Protogloboeocrinus yini and Guizhoueocrinus yui is relatively small, they commonly share an amygdaloidal form. However, theca shape between Sinoeocrinus lui and Globoeocrinus globules exhibits a significant variation, which indicates an evolutionary divergence: Compared to eocrinoids from the Balang Formation (Protogloboeocrinus yini and Guizhoueocrinus yui), eocrinoids from the Kaili Formation (Globoeocrinus globulus and Sinoeocrinus lui) develop a wider oral area and larger/smaller part at the bottom of the theca. In addition, in Sinoeocrinus lui, the theca develops a conical shape. However, in Globoeocrinus globulus, the theca develops a global shape. The result indicates that there is a continuous evolutionary trend in early-middle Cambrian eocrinoids. Conical theca and stem can enlarge the feeding area, while spherical thecal and short stem can make individuals adjust to stronger water energy, by attaching to the sea floor or bio-debris more tightly. This study demonstrates that there may occur an ecological niche expansion of eocrinoids in Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3.
    4  TREMADOC GRAPTOLITES ZONATION AND GLOBAL CORRELATION FROM SOUTH CHINA
    LI Ming,WANG Wen-hui,FENG Hong-zhen
    2018, 57(4):444-459.
    [Abstract](367) [HTML](20) [PDF 7.12 M](1687)
    Abstract:
    The Tremadocian is the first stage of the Ordovician System with its base defined at the first appearance datum (FAD) of conodont Iapetognathus fluctivagus (Cooper et al., 1998, 2001) and its top marked by the FAD of graptolite Tetragraptus approximatus (Berry, 1992; Chen and Wang, 1993; Webby, 1994, 1996; Williams et al., 1994; Maletz et al., 1996; Bergstr?m et al., 2004). Two divisions of the Tremadocian are currently accepted, and the boundary between the lower and upper parts is placed at the FAD of Adelograptus tenellus (Cooper et al., 2001; Bergstr?m et al., 2004) or the Rhabdinopora flabelliformis anglica (Cooper et al., 1998, 1999; Jackson and Lenz, 2000, 2003; Maletz, 2001). Tremadoc graptolites are characterized by the proximal end simplified to be bi-radiate and the bitheca inclined towards degeneration, showing a morphological nature transitional from the anisograptid fauna to the dichograptid fauna (Feng et al., 2010). In order to make the precise correlation, we restudied this section. The Nanba section, ca. 30 km southwest of Yiyang, was located in the Jiangnan Slope Belt of China (Figure 1), which is one of the regions with rich Tremadocian planktic graptolites of great diversity and abundance. Feng Hongzhen and his colleagues have worked here for more than a decade (Feng et al., 2007, 2009, 2010; Li Lixia et al., 2009, 2010; Li Ming et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2013a, 2013b), and they found rich mineralized stereo specimens from this section. It contains a continuous graptolite succession across the Tremadocian-Floian boundary and giving a possibility to make the precise correlation of Upper Tremadocian between China and other countries in the world. Because Feng et al. focused on the late Tremadoc strata, until 2015, early Tremadoc graptolites and strata have not been studied in the Nanba area. Tremadoc graptolites are very difficult to find, but the Nanba section preserves a continuous Tremadoc strata, which has potential to improve the precision of the Tremadoc graptolites stratum zonation in the Jiangnan Slope Belt. The Nanba section is characteristic of slope faces sediments. It is a north stretched artificial cut along which two formations, the Yinchupu and the Ningkuo formations ascendingly, are exposed a total thickness more than 120 m. Lithologically, graptolites are present in mudstones with dark or brownish yellow colors but not in silt-mudstones, which usually contain dynamic disturbance structures and tube-like trace fossils. The boundary between the Tremadocian and the Floian is within the basal part of the Ningkuo Formation, not coinciding with that between the Yinchupu and the Ningkuo formations (Figure 1).
    5  ACLADISTIC STUDY ON THE ORIGINATION OF THE EARLY DICRANOGRAPTIDS DURING THE MIDDLE-LATE ORDOVICIAN TRANSITION
    SONG Yan-yan,ZHANG Huai,ZHANG Yuan-dong,LIU Peng-ju
    2018, 57(4):460-473.
    [Abstract](418) [HTML](21) [PDF 3.58 M](1816)
    Abstract:
    Based on the graptolite materials from the Hulo Formation,western Zhejiang Province and the Miaopo Formation,western Hubei Province,a phylogenetic analysis of the early dicranograptids and their related taxa is conducted in this paper. The result of the analysis based on 13 taxa and their 25 characters. The 13 taxa include the early dicranograptids Jiangxigraptus mui,J. wuningensis,J. sextans,J. vagus,J. intortus and Dicranograptus irregularis,reletated biserial taxa Undulograptus austrodentatus,U. sinicus,Archiclimacograptus caelatus,Dicaulograptus hystrix and the disputable taxa Undulograptus ?praesextans,Undulograptus dicellograptoides,and outgroup Exigraptus uniformis. The result showed that the early dicranograptids are grouped as a monophyly, and the “uni-biserial” character state of Dicranograptus and Jiangxigraptus are homologous instead of independent origin,and Dicranograptus is likely to derive from Jiangxigraptus. This sequence basically matches the stratigraphic occurrence,indicating that the cladogram and derived tree seem to represent the true phylogeny. An alternative analysis including the biostratigraphic attribute as a character produced identical result,implying a possible correlation between age and the distance of phylogenetic relations without ghost line. The character of the “two uniserial and reclined stipes” developed in Undulograptus dicellograptoides and Jiangxigraptus mui may have independent,respectively origins in Darriwilian Stage,showing a homoplasy or an iterative evolution instead of phylogenetic evolution.
    6  A NEW DICTYOPTERAN FOSSIL FROM THE CARBONIFEROUS-PERMIAN OF XISHAN (BEIJING) WITH DISCUSSIONS ON THE GEOLOGICAL AGES OF INSECT FOSSILS FROM BEIJING
    HUANG Di-ying,SU Yi-tong,LI Xin-ran,WANG Xiang-dong
    2018, 57(4):474-480.
    [Abstract](538) [HTML](29) [PDF 1.41 M](1907)
    Abstract:
    Here we report a new species belonging to the extinct genus Phyloblatta, Phyloblatta beijingensis sp. nov. , from the Carboniferous-Permian Taiyuan Formation at Seshufen, Mentougou District (Xishan, Beijing) based on a dictyopteran forewing. The new species can be readily separated from other congeners mainly by its prolate clavus. Diverse Phyloblatta dictyopterans have been discovered from the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation in Shanxi Province. The age and biostratigraphy of the insect-yielding formations in Beijing, such as the Tuchengzi, Dahuichang and Xiazhuang formations, are also discussed.
    7  STUDY ON PERMIAN GUADALUPIAN FUSULINIDA BIOSTRATIGRAPHY IN WUNING AREA, JIANGXI PROVINCE
    SUN Li,KE Xue,ZHU Li-kuan,LUO Man-sheng,WANG Sheng-dong,WANG Li-jun,HU Kun,LIU Xiang,HUANG Xing,ZHANG Xiong-hua
    2018, 57(4):481-494.
    [Abstract](407) [HTML](109) [PDF 8.33 M](1733)
    Abstract:
    A total of 8 genera and 30 species of the fusulinid fossils are found in the Permian Qixia Formation, Mao Kou Formation and the lower part of the Longtan Formation in Wuning, Jiangxi, ten species of which are systematically described. Six fusulinid zones were recognized. They are, in ascending order, the Schwagerina anhuiensis-Schwagerina chihsiaensis Zone, the Schwagerina chihsianesis regularis Zone, the Chusenella conicocylindrica Zone, the Chusenella douvillei Zone, the Chusenella ishanensis Zone and the Pseudodoliolina pseudolepida Zone. By comparison with the fusulinid zones in Qixiashan of Nanjing and Huopu Town, Pan County, Guizhou Province, the geological age in the upper part of the Qixia Formation, the Maokou Formation and the lower part of the Longtan Formation in this area are respectively Roadian, Wordian and Capitanian.
    8  A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE YANJI DINOSAUR FAUNA IN JILIN
    JIN Dong-chun,ZHANG Jun-long,XU Xin,JIN Chang-zhu,JIN Feng,CAI Yao-yao
    2018, 57(4):495-503.
    [Abstract](465) [HTML](76) [PDF 5.89 M](1778)
    Abstract:
    In 2016, abundant dinosaurian, crocodiliform and testudine fossils were recovered in the southern part of Longshan and western part of the Sun River in Yanji, Jilin Province. Five fossil-bearing layers have been discovered in Longshan locality, with a total thickness of about 10.6 m. The third and fifth fossil-bearing layers are stable and continuous, while the other three layers are discontinuous, with limited distribution in the deposits. Based on the comparative paleontological and radiometric dating data, it is inferred that the age of the Longshan fossil stratum is 100—91 Ma age, and thus the fossil-bearing beds were formed in the earliest Late Cretaceous.
    9  NEW MATERIAL OF JUVENILE SAUROPOD FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF XICHUAN BASIN, HUBEI PROVINCE
    MO Jin-you,TAN Qing-wei,HU Yong-guo,TAN Lin,XU Xing
    2018, 57(4):504-512.
    [Abstract](361) [HTML](13) [PDF 1.64 M](1681)
    Abstract:
    New sauropod material was collected from the Upper Cretaceous Majiacun Formation of Xichuan Basin, Yunxian County, Hubei Province, central China, including two nearly complete teeth, a number of vertebrae, and some limb bones, which are derived from at least two individuals. The separate preservations of all centra and neural arches suggest that the specimens are juvenile individuals. Several features, such as proximal one-third of femoral shaft deflected medially, cervical and dorsal vertebrates composed of spongy bone, and very slender peglike teeth, suggest that these specimens are referable to the Somphospondyli or more exclusive clade within the Titanosauriformes. The new find provides further evidence for the dominance of the Titanosauriformes in eastern Asia during the Late Cretaceous.
    10  ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLUTION OF EASTERN TAIHU PLAIN DURING THE HOLOCENE ACHIEVED BY PINGWANG CORE
    LI Bing,MA Chun-mei,ZHU Cheng,LI Kai-feng,ZHU Xiao-hong,TAN Yan,WANG Kun-hua,GUO Tian-hong,and JIA Tian-jiao
    2018, 57(4):513-523.
    [Abstract](387) [HTML](30) [PDF 3.72 M](1746)
    Abstract:
    The paper showed the vegetation and environmental change in the Pingwang area of eastern Taihu Plain during the Holocene, using pollen, foraminifera and AMS14C dating. The eastern Taihu Plain was not affected by the transgression during the Holocene (11.5-0 kaBP), and the area was mainly dominated by fresh water lakes-marshes. Pollen data showed that the area was mainly dominated by evergreen - deciduous forest and the climate was cool and dry during the period of 11.0 ka-10.4 kaBP. Pollen concentration was minimum in I zone, and the tree pollen percentage reached the lowest, and herbaceous plants were 65.8% on average which contain a lot of terrestrial herbs. Pollen concentration increased, and the tree content changed little during the period of 10.4 ka-9.1 kaBP. Aquatic pollen content and algae content increased, showing the increasing temperature and precipitation. 9.1 ka-5.8 kaBP pollen concentration was the largest during the Holocene, and evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation was the main forest. Aquatic pollen increased sharply to 32%. The content of freshwater algae was the largest during the Holocene, which indicates the most humid and most powerful East Asian monsoon, especially for the period of 8-7 kaBP in Taihu Lake Plain. The evergreen components increased, and the deciduous broad component reduced during the period of 5.8 ka-1.3 kaBP. Terrestrial herb increased to a high level, while aquatic herbaceous decreased and concentration of algae reduced, indicating the dry and cool climate, and the intensity of monsoon gradually reduced.

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