Volume 56,Issue 2,2017 Table of Contents

1 INVESTIGATION OF CONTROLLING FACTORS FOR GROWTH IN STROMATOLITES OF THE MIDDLE NEOPROTEROZOIC WUMISHAN FORMATION,YONGDING RIVER VALLEY,BEIJING

HUANG Min , SU De-chen , JIANG Zi-kun , LIU Ben-pei , LU Chen-ming , ZHAO Yan-xu , SUN Ai-ping , CHU Zhi-hui

2017, 56(2):129-139. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.001 CSTR:

[Abstract](304) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.32 M](1594)

Abstract:
A large amount of stromatolites occur in the Wumishan Formation of Yongding River Valley in Beijing，which provide great materials for this study．In order to investigate the controlling factor for growth in stromatolites，the shape of stroma-tolites was measured and analyzed，and the radar map of dominant growth directions of stromatolites was gained，and then it was combined with the location of the North China palaeoplate，the direction of palaeo-currents inferred from ripple-mark structures，the direction of palaeo-tectonic stress．This study indicates that the growth of stromatolites of Wumishan Formation in Zhuang-huwa Section，Yongding River Valley was not controlled by sunlight mainly，because the location of North China palaeoplate was near the equator，and the main controlling factor was palaeo-current．Besides，soft-sediment deformations toward the deep sea induced by the seismic activities which were caused by palaeo-tectonic stress overlaid on stromatolites influenced the shape of them，and siliceous chert filling damaged stromatolites subsequently．By analyzing the controlling factors for growth in stromatolites，we can understand the mechanism of growth of stromatolites and the palaeoenvironment，it has important ecological significance．

2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF OSCILLATORIACEAE FROM THE EDIACARAN-LOWER CAMBRIAN LIUCHAPO FORMATION IN CENTRAL GUIZHOU，CHINA

LIU Hui , NIE Xiao-qin , DONG Lin

2017, 56(2):140-153. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.002 CSTR:

[Abstract](235) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.14 M](1577)

Abstract:
Abundant filamentous cyanobacteria have been discovered from the Ediacaran-Cambrian Liuchapo chert at the Yangtiao section，Majiang County，Guizhou Province． Six Oscillatoriaceae species comprising of different genera are identified，including Calyptothrix perfecta， Calyptothrix major， Megathrix longus， Obruchevella sp．，Palaeolyngbya barghoorniana， and Palaeolyn-gbya sp．．In addition，an unnamed filamentous microfossil that is morphologically similar to the modern Lyngbyais also described．Based on its unique finely annulated sheath and coarsely annulated filaments，the unnamed fossil may represent a new species belonging to the genus Lyngbya．The systematic study of the Oscilla-toriaceae adds new palaeontological data to refine the biostratigraphic framework，and improves our understanding of the diversification of the primary producers during this time period transitioning from Proterozoic to Phanerozoic．

3 GIRVANELLAFOSSILS AND THEIR MICROSTRUCTURE FROM CAMBRIAN MICROBIALITES OF WESTERN HENAN

QI Yong-an , ZHANG Xi-yang , DAI Ming-yue , WANG Min

2017, 56(2):154-167. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.003 CSTR:

[Abstract](264) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.97 M](1477)

Abstract:
Girvanella is a kind of cyanobacterial fossil with interconnected cell row and enveloping polysaccharide mucilaginous sheaths and is the most common calcified microbes in Cambrian microbialites of western Henan． Girvanella filaments display different distributions in different microbialites． The filaments in stromatolite of intertidal flat environment mainly occur in dark laminations and display as a regular horizontal distribution．The oncoids in low-energy coastal oolitic inter-shoal or back-shoal environments are dominated by irregular shape and cortex stru-ctures．Girvanella filaments are mainly irregular densely winding in nuclei and dark cortex of the oncoids．The oncoids in high-energy oolitic shoal environments have a round shape and regular cortex structures in which Girvanellafilaments are distributed in the dark cortex of the oncoids along the tangent direction． The thrombolites were formed in oolitic inter-shoal of restricted platform environments in which Girvanella filaments are mainly densely winding，being intertwined with each other with irregular distribution in the clots．The giant ooids were preserved in oolitic shoal of open platform environments in which Girvanella filaments appear as densely winding in inner cortex and as the tangent direction in the outer cortex．Each individual tube of Girvanellafilament display similar features although Girvanellafilaments have the different distributions in different micro-bialites．Each individual tube consists of a dark grey tube wall(sheath)and bright tube core(cell row)under polarizing microscope．Viewed under electronic microscopy，the tube wall of Girvanella consists of radial-arrayed granular or short columnar calcites which have a diameter of 1-2μm and are considered to be biominerals induced by photosynthesis of Girvanella．The tube core is made up of cylindrical calcites with the diameter of 10-20μm and the variation length of 50-200μm，which are the products of recrystallization during diagenesis． According to the microstructure of Girvanella in combination to the features of modern tubular cyanobacteria，Girvanellais made up of short rod cells instead of coccoid cells．Its microstructure includes strands of short rod cells attached end-to-end，cell walls and extracellular sheaths(EPS)．

4 ON THE CAMBRIAN (SERIES 2)TRILOBITE GENUS USHBASPIS OF CHINA-APPLICATION OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS TO THE TAXONOMY OF USHBASPISSPECIES

LIN Tian-rui

2017, 56(2):168-175. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.004 CSTR:

[Abstract](216) [HTML](0) [PDF 512.17 K](1528)

Abstract:
In the present paper，the method of“Q-mode cluster analysis”is used in a taxonomic study of 14 cranidia belonging to Ushbaspis trilobite species in the Series 2 of Cambrian．The statistical mea-surement of similarity is the incremental sum of error squares (△E)．Here，the author uses the variables in the ratio form (8)．The resemblance relation matrices of all specimens are formed through calculation of the increments of sum of error squares between those specimens(see Table II)．Finally，the two-dimen-sional dendrogram is drawn by stepwise calculation(see text-fig．3)．The dendrogram is divided into five groups by the line having a value of increments of sum of error squares 0．35．They correspond to：Species group of Ushbaspis granulata Pokrov-skaya，1965 (Species Group A)，which has only one choice for the type species of Ushbaspis (see text-fig．1．14)．Species group of Metaredlichioides hubeiensisLin，1978 (Species Group B)-contains four species including Metaredlichioides hubeiensis Lin，1978(see text-fig．1．2)；Metaredlichioides conicus Zhang，1981 (see text-fig．1．12)； Metared-lichioides tarimenensis Zhang，1981(see text-fig1．13)；Metaredlichioides kalpinensis Zhang，1981(see text-fig．1．11)．Species group of Metaredlichioides constrictus Chien and Yao，1974(Species Group C)-contains three species including Metaredlichioides const-rictus Chien and Yao，1974 (see text-fig．1．1)；Metaredlichioides sichuanensis Qian and Yao，1980 (see text-fig．1．7)；Metaredlichioides dan-zhaiensis Zhang and Lin ，1980 (see text-fig．1．10)．Species group of Metaredlichioides meizi-wanensis Yin，1978 (Species Group D) -contains five species：Metaredlichioides constrictus Qian and Yao (see text-fig．1．3)； Metaredlichioides szechuanensis Chien and Yao (see text-fig．1．4)；Metaredlichioides meiziwanensis Yin，1978 (see text-fig．1．5)including Metaredlichioides long-xiensis Zhang，Lin and Zhou，1980 (see text-fig．1．9)；Metaredlichioides elevatus Qian and Yao，1980(see text-fig．1．8)．Species group of Metaredlichioides shiqian-ensis Yin，1978 (Species Group E)has only one species(see text-fig．1．6)．Based on the application of cluster analysis of 14 Ushbaspis trilobites species in this study，the author proposed the opinion on the mergence and emendation of some species(see table III)．

5 A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SPONGE FOSSILS FROM THE CAMBRIAN“TSINGHSUTUNG FORMATION”OF GUIZHOU,CHINA

WANG Yuan , YANG Xing-lian , ZHAO Yuan-long , DUAN Xiao-lin

2017, 56(2):176-188. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.005 CSTR:

[Abstract](237) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.34 M](1565)

Abstract:
The “Tsinghsutung Formation” (Series 2，Cambrian)is well exposed in Balang Village，Jianhe County， Guizhou Province，representing the deposit formed in the transition slope belt．Sixgenera and species of sponges were collected from the Jianhe biota located in the upper part of the“Tsinghsutung Formation”．They are Choia sp．，Choiaella sp．，Leptomitus teretiusculus Chen，Hou and Lu，1989，Leptomitella sp．，？Proto-spongia sp．and Saetaspongia densa Mehl and Reitner in Steiner et al．，1993．They account for 6．98% of the total generic diversity of the biota and most of them are common species that lived during the Cambrian series 2．Four genera and 4 species are systematically described in this study．Among the sponge fossils we have collected，the sponge tiering is restricted to 0-15cm，most of which around 0-5cm，and Choiaellasp．is usually between 5-15cm．Furthermore，it shows that the sizes of sponge fossils from the“Tsinghsutung Formation” are smaller than that from the Cambrian Hetang Formation(Anhui Province)and the Chengjiang biota (Yunnan Province)．It is indicated that the difference between them may have resulted from the specific local environments and the ecological complexity of the biotas．

6 POPULATION STATISTICS OF TWO LATE FRASNIAN (LATE DEVONIAN)BRACHIOPOD FAUNAS FROM CENTRAL HUNAN OF CHINA AND ITS PALAEOECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Lü Dan , MA Xue-ping

2017, 56(2):189-200. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.006 CSTR:

[Abstract](212) [HTML](0) [PDF 980.97 K](1547)

Abstract:
Survivorship curves and size-frequency distributions of 10fossil species populations have been depicted based on abundant small-sized brachiopod specimens of various growth stages of two samples (C1-0 of Jiangjiaqiao and S-Y-4 of Shetianqiao sections)from Hunan Province of southern China．None of the size-frequency distri- butions of the C1-0fauna are of a normal bell-shaped distribution pattern；only those of Thoma-saria？baii，Thomasaria？liangi，Xiangia liaoi，Cyrtinaella？houi and Gypidula xui somewhat resemble a bell-shaped distribution，whereas Qi-dongia tani，Athyris supervittata and Levipugnax？liui display a distinct right-skewed pattern．The survivorship curves of various populations are of the concave type of various degrees，which was probably related with their living on the muddy substrate．Survivorship curve of Thomasaria？baii is slightly concave，whereas those of other species are of either moderately concave type，e．g．，Levipugnax？liui，Xiangia liaoi，Gypidula xui，Qidongia tani and Cyrtinaella？houi，or strongly concave type，e．g．，Athyris supervittata and Thomasaria？liangi，suggesting a high mortality rate during the juvenile stage and decreasing mortality rate towards the gerontic stage．The above differences in size-frequency distributions and survivorship curves of various species are probably a result of their adaptational differences to the muddy environments．For example，diffe-rences in shell shape might be related with their adaptational differences to both muddy substrate and feeding efficiency． Study of Iowatrypa pseudobodini and Hunanotoechia tieni shows that size-frequency distributions and survivorship curves of brachiopod populations can be affected by sampling methods to various degrees in case of fewer specimens by hand-picking．Bulk sampling is recommended for population analysis，in combination with hand-picking in some cases for more actual survivorship curves．

7 LITHOFACIES AND PALAEOECOSYSTEM OF AN UPPER PERMIAN REEF AND ITS IMPLICATION IN PALAEOENVIRONMENT,IN GANTIAN’AO,LUODIAN,GUIZHOU PROVINCE,SOUTH CHINA

LIU Dong-yang , YU Mei-yi , Daniel J LEHRMANN

2017, 56(2):201-213. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.007 CSTR:

[Abstract](217) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.62 M](1538)

Abstract:
In the late Permian there are plenty of radial fibrous cements (RFC)rich framestone developed in South China，and in Gantian’ao we found especially well preserved framestone reef outcrop．Base on the lithofacies and biological community analysis，we divided it to three stages：through all the history Peronidellais the dominant sponge in reef building，in stage 1 micrite framestone Peronidella and Imbricatocoelia are the dominant sponge，in stage 2 Peronidella and Guangxinella are the dominant sponge，however in stage 3 Polycystocoelia became the dominant sponge in reef building．In all three stages，the Sclerosponge is very rare here，compared to the reef in Longlin， Guangxi．The ecosystem is different to Ziyun’s reef even though it is so close．The encrustation in here is mainly Archaeolithoporella，the same as other reefs in South China at this time． By studying the history of the framestone here，especially the radial fibrous cements (RFC)．Per δ¹³ C and δ¹⁸ O isotope data we found that RFC’s contemporary temperature is as high as 37．86℃，we prefer to infer that RFC is an indication of high temperature marine water that incurred the accelerated process of calcite’s saturation and the RFC rich framestone is a symbol of hostile seawater，as well as the last phase of a reef ecosystem．

8 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE PECULIAR TAPHONOMY OF THE LATE CRETACEOUS LAIYANG HADROSAUROID FAUNA IN SHANDONG

ZHANG Jia-liang , WANG Qiang , JIANG Shun-xing , CHENG Xin , LI Ning , ZHANG Xin-jun , QIU Rui , WANG Xiao-lin

2017, 56(2):214-224. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.008 CSTR:

[Abstract](266) [HTML](0) [PDF 842.70 K](1538)

Abstract:
In recent years，five fossil-bearing layers，which mainly contain abundant dinosaur fossils，are found in the massive excavations at Locality 2 of Laiyang，Shandong Province．It is east of theLocality 1(Young’s Tsintaosaurus quarry)．The main fossils are hadrosaurids，some of which would be referred to Saurolophinae，with some bones of Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus(Lambeosaurinae)．The hadrosaurid elements can be assigned to an assu-med adult，subadult，and late juvenile individuals according to their size．These fossil-bearing layers are mainly grey-green or red-brown mudstones．The fossil in these layers are interpreted as having been carried by debris flows and deposited．This indicates two different taphonomic modes．Alive hadrosaurids were swallowed and torn by a sudden debris flow，and the carcasses were carried a short distance and quickly buried．The fossils in this layer are complete but disarticulated，and the ones belonged to a same individual are sited in a small area．The carcasses，natural death or killed by flood or debris flows，which were exposed on the floodplain，were rotted，and broken as fragments by the debris flows during the final burial．The fossils in this layer are mixed by the complete and fractured bones．The taphonomic feature of these fossil-bearing layers indicates that there was a fauna，which was dominated by various hadro- saurids，that lived nearby the lake or river．After the late juvenile individuals joined into the adult groups，the mass mortality，which were caused by the debris flows，killed and quickly buried the fauna．

9 PRELIMINARY STUDY OF A DIVERSE DINOSAUR ASSEMBLAGE FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF ZHUZHOU,HUNAN PROVINCE

HAN Feng-lu , XING Hai , TONG Qian-ming , Corwin SULLIVAN , XU Xing , WU Rui , HU Neng-yong , TONG Guang-hui

2017, 56(2):225-237. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.009 CSTR:

[Abstract](249) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.08 M](1555)

Abstract:
Numerous dinosaur eggs have been discovered in the Upper Cretaceous of South China，but previously documented dinosaur bones are relati-vely rare in these strata and represent a small number of taxa．Here we present the first detailed study of dinosaur body fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Daijiaping Formation of the Tianyuan district，Zhuzhou，Hunan Province，China．This dinosaur assemblage contains diverse taxa，possi-bly including at least two sauropods，three thero-pods and one hadrosaurid．Some sauropod material can be tentatively assigned to Diplodocoidea，which represents limited but suggestive evidence that diplodocoids occur in Asia． One sauropod ischium appears to show derived features of Titanosauria，although more evidence is needed to support referral to this clade．The theropod sample consists entirely of teeth，but may include a small coelurosaur (e．g．a dromaeosaurid)，a tyranno-sauroid and a carcharodontosaurid．Small coelurosaurs and tyrannosauroids are fairly common in the Upper Cretaceous of northern continents，whereas carcharodontosaurids have a comparatively poor record．The multitaxic dino-saur assemblage from Zhuzhou suggests this part of China was home to a richer Cretaceous fauna than previously believed，and may have been one of the last places where diplodocoids and carcharo-dontosaurids persisted． The Zhuzhou dinosaurs thus have important implications for the study of Asian， and particularly Chinese， dinosaur biogeographic investigation．

10 CHANGES OF THE PALAEO-SEA SURFACE PRODUCTIVITY AND BOTTOM WATER DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONTENT AT MD12-3429,NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA

LI He , HUANG Bao-qi , WANG Na

2017, 56(2):238-248. DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2017.02.010 CSTR:

[Abstract](278) [HTML](0) [PDF 778.09 K](1513)

Abstract:
The high sedimentation rate in the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS)，provides excellent materials for the study of sub-orbital climate changes．In this paper，we study benthicforaminifera from Core MD12-3429 (20°08．52′N，115°49．84′E)，which is located in the upper northern slope of the South China Sea．Using the coarse fraction，abundance of benthic foraminifera(Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi，Uvigernia，Bulimina，Chilostomella oolina and Globobulimina pacifica)，and benthic foraminifera accumulation rate(BFAR)，surface primary productivity and the seawater dissolved oxygen content are recon-structed since the Marine Isotope Stages 7(MIS 7，about 243ka BP)in the northern South China Sea．The primary productivity was higher during the interglacial and lower during the glacial corres-ponding to a poor oxygen during the interglacial and enriched oxygen during the glacial，which is mainly influenced by the East Asian monsoon and the surface ocean currents．The water depth of MD12-3429 is 903 m， within the intermediate transition zone of the South China Sea．So the bottom water at Site MD12-3429 reflects the property of the intermediate water of the northern South China Sea since the MIS7．

Volume 56,Issue 2,2017 Table of Contents

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