Issue 2,2008 Table of Contents

1 NEW DATA ON TIANZHUSHANIA——AN EDIACARAN DIAPAUSE EGG CYST FROM YICHANG, HUBEI

YIN Lei-ming , ZHOU Chuan-ming , YUAN Xun-lai

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](268) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](4)

Abstract:
我国南方陡山沱组的渗透矿化微体化石为认识埃迪卡拉动物辐射前的生物多样性，提供了异乎寻常的窗口；其中包括一些被视为早期动物胚胎的磷酸盐化球形化石。但是，一些学者将之与现生Thiomargarita sp．比较，把陡山沱组胚胎解释为巨大氧化硫细菌。湖北宜昌晓峰河剖面陡山沱组中发现Tianzhushania的大型具刺疑源类的膜壳中显示有1、2、4、8、16乃至数百个卵裂细胞标本，表明它们应是真核生物，很可能是在滞育卵囊胞中保存的早期卵裂的动物胚胎。此有力地论证了我国南方埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组动物胚胎化石的保存，并将动物化石记录推前至632Ma前。为了区别Tianzhushania的已知形态种，新建Tianzhushania fissura sp．nov．和Tianzhushania confrerta sp．nov．两个新种，它们分别以含有不同数量卵裂细胞为特征。它们在陡山沱组中、上部的集中保存，可能与海平面变化或其它地质事件密切相关。而这需要更多有效年代地层资料加以合理解释。

2 A STUDY OF SURFACE POLLEN ON AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT IN LIJIANG AND DALI AREAS,YUNNAN PROVINCE,CHINA

LI Chun-hai , TONG Guo-bang , SHEN Ji , WANG Su-min , YANG Xiang-dong , LIU Zhi-ming

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](364) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](5)

Abstract:
Surface pollen analysis has been an important tool for refining vegetation history and palaeoclimatic interpretations.In order to study the relationships between vegetation and pollen spectra,modern samples are collected from moss and soil along an elevational gradient in the Lijiang and Dali areas,Yunnan Province.The dominant pollen taxa show relatively high pollen spectra of different vegetation types,although the pollen spectra are distorted by Pinus,which is predominant in almost all pollen spectra of vegetation.Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)shows a close correlation between community composition and elevation,and the DCA axis 1 scores are strongly correlated with sample elevation,exhibiting a linear relationship(r2=0.82).This study suggests that the paleo-vegetation could be characterized and reconstructed by pollen types which have relative high value in pollen assemblages from mountainous areas in Yunnan Province.

3 THE EARLIEST SILURIAN CATHAYSIORTHIS FAUNA (BRACHIOPODS) OF E CHINA AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE

HARPER D A T , RONG Jia-yu , HUANG Bing , ZHAN Ren-bin , HARPER D A T

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](285) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](10)

Abstract:
Since a preliminary investigation carried out by Rong and Zhan(2006),more material of the brachiopods have been collected from the basal part of the Shiyang and Anji formations at various localities in northeastern Jiangxi and western and northern Zhejiang provinces during the past five years.These brachiopods are of earliest Rhuddanian in age(Akidograptus ascensus Biozone).Twenty three species of 23 genera belonging to 20 families of the brachiopods are identified,including Paracraniops,Deliella,Katastrophomena,Leptaena,Tashanomena,Eopholidostrophia,Eoplectodonta,Leangella,Skenidioides,Hesperorthis,Glyptorthis,Cathaysiorthis gen.nov.,Dalmanella,Levenea,Epitomyonia,Coolinia,Triplesia,Brevilamnulella,Thebesia,?Alispira,Eospirigerina,Hyattidina and Eospirifer,in addition to Yushanomena which was described by Zeng and Hu(1997)from this assemblage is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Tashanomena Rong and Zhan,1994.However,we have not found Tashanomena in the new collections.

4 STUDIES OF MODALITY ASSEMBLE OF BOTRYOCOCCUS FROM THE TRIASSIC YANCHANG FORMATION IN THE ORDOS BASIN,NORTHWEST CHINA

JI Li-ming , ZHU You-hua , WANG Shao-fei

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](202) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](10)

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Through detailed micofossil analysis of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Xifeng area southwestern Ordos Basin,abundant algal fossils were found from the hydrocarbon source rocks of the Ch 7-3 to Ch 7-2 Section.Their abundance level is high but diversity low;the kind also is monotony.The palynological fossils are mainly composed of very abundant Leiosphaeridia and Botryococcus.

5 DOES "LILLIPUT EFFECT" OF BRACHIOPODS EXIST IN SOUTH CHINA AFTER THE LATE ORDOVICIAN MASS EXTINCTION?

HUANG Bing

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](421) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](7)

Abstract:
In the immediate aftermath of mass extinction,organisms are typically much smaller than during pre-extinction times.This evolutionary phenomenon is named "Lilliput effect".For in-depth research,the effect is divided into two types:the special type,refers to the original definition of the effect which aims at species level,but it is too strict to prove;the general type,with some cases which related to higher taxa than species level.This study compares body size of the brachiopods from South China through the Ordovician mass extinction(late Katian,Hirnantian,earliest Rhuddanian three time intervals) at "generic","super familial" and "ordinal" levels.The result indicates that the body sizes of the lower taxa(generic level) are highly variable,which is different from the Lilliput effect from end Permian mass extinction because the intensity of the end Ordovician mass extinction is much less than the latter.The consistency of the variation in some higher taxa possibly suggests that the brachiopods from the same higher taxon have similar surviving strategies.

6 THE MORPHOLOGY AND ASSEMBLAGES OF PHYTOLITH IN POOIDEAE FROM THE QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU

QIN Li , LI Jie , WANG Luo , L(U) Hou-yuan

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](323) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](4)

Abstract:
Phytolith as a climate proxy is one of the most important and effective tool for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.It is necessary to investigate phytolith assemblages from plant in detail for a full understanding of the relationships between phytolith and climate.There have been limited previous study on phytolith morphology and assemblages of plants from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and,in particular,phytolith assemblages of Pooideae from this area are little known.This study deals with the shape,size and assemblage of phytolith,based on investigation of 10 genus and 19 species of plants from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.The phytolith morphotypes from the selected species of Pooideae demonstrate that hat,tooth,Stipa bilobate and Stipa multilobate are the representative types.Meanwhile,tower,elongate,spinulate ball and point shapes are also identified.The data of statistics of phytolith indicates that some genera have the same phytolith assemblages.For example,Fustuca and Poa mainly produce point-hat shapes;Stipa bungeana and Leymus secalinus are dominated by flat-hat shapes;Stipa mainly produces Stipa bilobate;Poa and Trisetum have abundant hat and tooth shapes.

7 SPORE-POLLEN ASSEMBLAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OF THE CHENGDU PLAIN DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE

LUO Li-ping , ZHU Li-dong , XIANG Fang , YANG Wen-guang , KAN Ai-ke , LUO Hong , ZHANG Qin , ZHU Zhang-yi

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](337) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](10)

Abstract:
On the Chengdu Plain,a four-meter thick sedimentary succession has accumulated during the past 4 000a of Holocene.In this study,82 samples were collected at 5cm intervals.Based on the characteristics of spore-pollen and 6 datasets from 14 C analysis,the vegetation-climatic changes on the Chengdu Plain during the last 4 000a are discussed.Five phases of paleovegetation successions and climatic fluctuations are revealed for the past 4 000 years,and five climate periods can be recognized and correlated regionally and globally.The results of this study suggest that the climate on Chengdu Plain has been affected by global climate to a certain degree.

8 FOSSIL DIAGENESIS AND WEATHERING OF PYRITIZED FOSSILS IN THE LATE EDIACARAN GAOJIASHAN BIOTA IN NINGQIANG,SHAANXI

CAI Yao-ping , HUA Hong

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](272) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](4)

Abstract:
The Gaojiashan biota known from Ningqiang County of Shaanxi Province,China,is characterized by the three-dimensional pyritization of soft-bodied fossil tubes.Three types of fossiliferous siltstones have been identified in the filed and detailed observations as well as comparisons of diagenetic and weathering attributes have also been documented.Fossil diagenetic characteristics of Conotubus indicate that pyritization initiated firstly and calcite infilling followed.Pyritized Gaojiashan fossils have been subjected to two series of weathering and the former had minor influence on the pyritized fossils,whereas the latter destroyed much of the diagenetic attributes and most likely took place in an oxidative environment.

9 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PETROGRAPHIC VARIATIONS AND FOSSIL PRESERVATION OF THE LATE EDIACARAN GAOJIASHAN BIOTA IN THE HUJIABA AREA,NINGQIANG,SHAANXI

MA Ji , LIU Zhuo , CAI Yao-ping , LI Peng , LIN Jin-yan , HUA Hong

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](241) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](6)

Abstract:
The Gaojiashan biota of Ningqiang County,Shaanxi Province,is Late Ediacaran in age and typically yields Nama-type fossils.Early diagenetic pyritization played a pivotal role in fossil preservation.The correlation between fossil preservation and petrographic variations,however,remains poorly understood.Detailed field observations and laboratory petrographic analysis resulted in a series of interpretations for the lateral variations of sedimentary environment and differentiation of taphofacies.Two fossil outcrop belts have been identified in the field.Our work suggests that the Hujiaba outcrop belt is of more distal origin which resulted from storm sedimentation,and thus has a higher preservation potential for Gaojiashan fossils.While the Gaojiashan outcrop belt is of more proximal origin and hence less favorable for the exceptional preservation of Gaojiashan fossils.

10 CHIROTHERIUM——FOOTPRINTS OF A PRIMITIVE REPTILE FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC,ZHENFENG,GUIZHOU,SOUTHWEST CHINA

YANG Chao , L(U) Hong-bo , CHEN Qing-hua , SUN Chang-xu

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](305) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](10)

Abstract:
This paper aims at discussing Chirotherium tracks in the Middle Jurassic Guanling Formation of Zhenfeng,Guizhou Province.The authors of this paper make a comparison between the footprints found in the two track sites in footprint size,shape and pace angulations etc.We made more than 10 plaster casts in both track sites.Based on these casts and the field records,the authors calculated the hip height and locomotion speed of the track-makers according to conventional calculation methods.The gait of the track-makers is also postulated.The authors think that it is reasonable to compare Chirotherium with dinosaurs.We hope that further study of Chirotherium may help understand the origin and extinction of dinosaurs.

11 LATE CRETACEOUS TROODONTID EGGS FROM TIANTAI,ZHEJIANG

QIAN Mai-ping , JIANG Yang , CHEN Rong , JIANG Yan-gen , ZHANG Yuan-jun , XIN Guang-fu

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](332) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](4)

Abstract:
The unique nesting and egg-laying behaviors of troodontids differ from those of other dinosaurs in that troodontids laid their eggs standing up in sands or muddy soil.The clutches of fossil troodontid eggs have been unearthed from the Mid-Upper Cretaceous sedimentary sequences in Inner Mongolia,Henan and Guangdong.The fossil skeletons of troodontid were found in the Lower Cretaceous strata of Inner Mongolia and Liaoning provinces.Here,we describe a clutch of fossil troodontid eggs in the Cretaceous Chichengshan Formation from Tiantai Basin,Zhejiang Province.The specimens we discovered indicate that the troodontid egg-shell was as rigid as that of some modern bird eggs and was sufficiently strong to resist the pressure while the egg was forced into sands and muddy soil when it was laid.Most other dinosaur eggshells,in contrast,were stretchable as some modern reptile eggs.Dinosaur eggs with stretchable egg-shell are preserved as flattened,circular or oval in outline.In other words,the procreant system of troodontid resembled,to some extent,some modern birds in egg-shell formation.More-over,the troodontid eggs in nest stood aslant more or less outwards.This suggested that an adult female troodontid faced outwards while laying eggs vigilantly.This behavior could be an adaptation to severe competition.

12 A NOMENCLATURAL NOTE ON THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN HERBACEOUS LYCOPSID PROTOLEPIDODENDRON

XU Hong-he , WANG Qi

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](276) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](5)

Abstract:
草本石松植物原始鳞木属（Protolepidodendron）一名，最初由Krejci根据波希米亚泥盆纪地层中一种具叶的茎干标本所建立，当时为了强调其与石炭纪鳞木属（Lepidodendron）石松植物的相似性，取名为Proto-Lepidodendron。后来，这种以具有二分叉的叶为特征的草本石松植物相继在捷克、德国、比利时、美国、中国、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯等地的早、中泥盆世地层中被发现。值得一提的是，对该属及模式种的命名问题存在一定的争议，同时存在多种作者引证，甚至还存在不同拼写的种本名。根据国际植物学命名法规，对化石植物的命名必须依据模式标本。目前，Protolepidodendron的模式标本保存在捷克共和国首都布拉格的国家博物馆。通过对模式标本进行的重新观察，并发现Gothan（1921）首次根据模式标本明确了Protolepidodendron的属征，是该属最早的合格发表作者；后来，模式标本又经过Krausel和Weyland（1929）的研究，唯一合法的种P．scharyanum被确立为模式种，并提出了种征。对Protolepidodendron属及其模式种，尽管后来有大量研究和报道，但都不是基于原始的模式标本。因此。根据国际植物学命名法规，该属及其模式种的合法名称应为Protolepidodendron Krejci ex Gothan和P．scharyanum Krejci ex Krausel et Weyland。

13 STUDIES OF THE TRIASSIC MARINE REPTILES OF CHINA: A REVIEW

ZHAO Li-jun , WANG Li-ting , LI Chun

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](259) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](4)

Abstract:
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on the study of the Triassic marine reptiles of China.Research in this area can be dated back to the 1950s,and major progress has been made during the last decade.Fossils of marine reptiles are widespread in South China,including Anhui,Hubei,Guizhou,Yunnan,Guangxi and Xizang.Up to now,at least 7 biozonations of marine reptiles have been recognized from the Lower Triassic(Olenekian) to the Upper Triassic(Norian) in this region.And from eastern to western regions,the marine reptile fossil-bearing horizons become progressively higher.These reptiles include all known major groups,such as ichthyosaurs,thalattosaurs,placodonts,eosauropterygians,protorosaurs,archosaurian and hupehsuchids.These are characteristic taxa of the western Tethys Fauna,and also bear relationship to the eastern Pacific Fauna,in addition to endemic feature.New material of these fossil groups have provided an opportunity for the study of the origin,evolution and extinction of Triassic marine reptiles,as well as the environmental changes in the Triassic marine ecosystem.

14 ON THE IDENTITIES OF LATE PALEOZOIC SPHENOPHYLLUM KOENIG AND SPHENOPHYLLUM BRONGNIART (SPHENOPSIDA)

XIONG Cong-hui , WANG Qi

2008(2). DOI: 1 CSTR:

[Abstract](331) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](4)

Abstract:
A study history of Sphenophyllum Koenig and Sphenophyllum Brongniart is reviewed briefly,and the generic identities are discussed in detail.According to relevant literature,Sphenophyllum Koenig and Sphenophyllum Brongniart were actually established on the basis of a same type,Sphenophyllites emarginatus Brongniart,1822.In accordance with the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature,Articles 32.1,14.4 and Appendix III(Vienna Code,see McNeill et al.,2006),Sphenophyllum Koenig is an invalid name because it has no clear date of publication and thereby should be rejected.Meanwhile,Sphenophyllum Brongniart has been proposed as a conserved name in view of the widespread use,so its nomenclatural synonym Sphenophyllites Brongniart,1822 should be rejected.Therefore,Sphenophyllum Brongniart,1828 is the correct name.

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