Issue 4,2007 Table of Contents

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  • 1  SOME IMPORTANT CONCERNS ABOUT NOMENCLATURE OF FOSSIL PLANTS IN CHINA, WITH REFERENCE TO RELEVANT ARTICLES OF THE VIENNA CODE
    ZHOU Zhi-yan
    2007(4):387-393. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](263) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](5)
    Abstract:
    根据2006年发表的新版国际植物命名法规(维也纳法规)的有关规则和条款,讨论我国古植物命名中一些值得重视的和存在的问题,着重在分类单元名称的合格发表、模式指定以及拉丁属、种名称构成和性别等几个方面.文中也介绍了新法规中对古植物形态分类单元(morphotaxa)定义的改变和相关规则的更动情况,以及有关在学位论文和电子版文档中发表分类单元名称等新规则.文后附有古植物命名的一些重要规则生效的日期和相关说明.
    2  QUERY THE ASSUMPTION OF "END-PERMIAN FUNGAL SPIKE EVENT", WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PERMO-TRIASSIC TRANSITIONAL PALYNOFLORAS
    OUYANG Shu ZHU Huai-cheng
    2007(4):394-410. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](341) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](6)
    Abstract:
    The assumption of "end-Permian fungal event", proposed by several authors (Visscher and Brugman, 1988; Wood and Mangerud, 1994; Visscher et al., 1996) some 20 years ago, has been a hottest idea almost widely accepted, because it "can be considered to reflect excessive dieback of arboreous vegetation, effecting destabilization and subsequent collapse of terrestrial ecosystems".
    3  POLLEN INFLUX AND COMPARISON WITH SURFACE POLLEN IN THE EAST PART OF YINSHAN MOUNTAINS
    CAO Xian-yong TIAN Fang XU Qing-hai LI Yue-cong ZHANG Zhen-qing JIA Hong-juan ZHANG Li-yan WANG Xue-li
    2007(4):411-419. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](365) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](7)
    Abstract:
    A study of semblages from tryopsis shrub, grassland in Ma east part of Yin pollen influx and surface pollen aspeak meadow, birch forest, Osartificial pine forest and weeds nhan and Daqing Mountains in the shan mountains found that the diversities are obvious of pollen influx and pollen eontent among different vegetation types, even among different sample sites in the same vegetation type. The Tauber trap sample has smaller pollen source area than surface pollen and reflects surrounding vegetation well. But it is easily influenced by anthophilous pollen and local plants pollen. The pollen assemblages in Tauber traps are different from the surface pollen in the same sites. Pollen percentages of Pinus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Betula in surface samples are higher than that of Tauber trap samples, indicating these pollen taxa have stronger ability of transportation and preservation. Gramineae pollen is a kind of under-represented pollen types and weak to be preserved.
    4  ROADIAN-WORDIAN (PERMIAN) GLOBAL BRACHIOPOD DATABASE AND QUANTITATIVE PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
    XIE Jun-fang ZHANG Hua SHEN Shu-zhong
    2007(4):420-429. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](256) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](7)
    Abstract:
    Recently, there has been an increasing use of quantitative, computer-based methods in analyzing the spatial and temporal distributions of different fossil groups. Abundantly published palaeontological data enable us to study palaeobiogeography quantitatively. This paper provides an introduction of fossil database building and methodology of quantitative palaeobiogeographical study using the Roadian-Wordian (Middle Permian) global brachiopod database as an example. Based on the results of the analysis, four realms and nine provinces can be recognized during the Roadian-Wordian stages. They are the Boreal, Palaeoequatorial, Panthalassan and Gondwanan realms. The nine provinces are the northeastern European, Verkolyma, Grandian, Cathaysian, Cimmerian, Sino-Mongolian-Japanese, Panthalassan, Westralian and Austrazean provinces. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis reveals that latitude-related thermal gradient is the major control factor, and palaeogeographic barrier and oceanic currents also played an important role in determining the spatial distribution of Permian brachiopods.
    5  ORDOVICIAN CONODONT DIVERSIFICATION OF YICHANG, HUBEI PROVINCE
    WANG Zhi-hao WU Rong-chang
    2007(4):430-440. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](292) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](6)
    Abstract:
    根据前人发表的和作者现有资料,对宜昌地区奥陶系南津关组至庙坡组(Tremadocian-early Sandbian)所报道的牙形刺属种进行厘定,并根据牙形刺带进行统计分析,初步编制出牙形刺属种的地层延限图。研究表明,牙形刺在奥陶纪的宏演化经历了3次较为明显的辐射事件,分别发生在早奥陶世晚期,Darri wilian期中期和中、晚奥陶世之交,并都与局部环境的变化有关。
    6  TRACE FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE FROM HETAOYUAN FORMATION OF PALAEOGENE IN BIYANG DEPRESSION OF HENAN PROVINCE
    QI Yong-an ZENG Guang-yan HU Bin ZHANG Guo-cheng GONG Yi-ming
    2007(4):441-452. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](341) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](12)
    Abstract:
    Abundant trace fossils are discovered from lacustrine sediments of Palaeogene Hetaoyuan Formation, Biyang depression, Nanxiang basin. They are preserved in the deposits in different sedimentary environments from marginal to deep lake and constitute 5 ichnoassemblages. Taenidium serpentinum ichnoassemblage is dominated by small, horizontal-distributed and meniscate backfilled burrows and consists of Taenidium serpentinum,Planolites montanus, P. beverleyensis, Helminthopsis ichnosp. and rhizoliths. It occurs in low energy, very shallow lacustrine environment and is indicative of periodic subaerial exposure. Skolithos linearis ichnoassemblage contains vertical and high-inclined trace fossils and is preserved in fine sandstones of upper and middle shoreface environment that displays relatively high wave or current energies. Planolites montanus ichnoassemblage comprises only one trace fossil, Planolites montanus, and is preserved in mudstone and siltstone of low energy, shallow lacustrine environment. Skolithos verticalis ichnoassemblage is often interbedded with Planolites montanus ichnoassemblage in shallow lacustrine sediments but it is related to storm-induced deposition. Semirotundichnus dongyingensis ichnoassemblage is characterized by abundant feeding trail Semirotundichnus dongyingensis, companying with the simple feeding burrows Planolites montantus,Helminthopsis ichnosp.,farming trail ?Paleodictyon sp., fish squamae and dark plant detritus that indicates oxygen-deficient environments of deeper lake.
    7  ICHNOCOENOSIS OF SHORE-SHALLOW LACUSTRINE UPPER TRIASSIC IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH SICHUAN PROVINCE
    SHI Zhen-sheng YANG Wei GUO Chang-min XIE Zeng-ye JIN Hui ZHU Qiu-ying LIU Man-cang
    2007(4):453-463. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](340) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](5)
    Abstract:
    The shore-shallow lacustrine sediments of Upper Triassic in Central and South Sichuan Basin is enriched with ichnocoenosis, which consists of at least 6 ichnogenera, 8 ichnospecies, namely, Skolithos linearis, S.verticalis, Ophiomorpha nodosa, Planolites beverleyensis, P. montanus, Palaeophycus tubularis, Taenidium satanassi and Cochlichnus anguineus. The ichnocoenosis represents Domichnia, Fodinichnia and Pascichnia of invertebrates, and is preserved in full relief and epirelief. In addition, escape structure is also abundant. Based on the composition and distribution characteristics of these trace fossils and their country rock features, three types of ichnocoenosis under different sedimentary environments have been recognized as follows:1) Skolithos linearis ichnocoenosis,which mainly consists of dwelling burrows,generates in high-energy shore lacustrine sedimentary environment;2) Cochlichnus-Planolites ichnocoenosis, which mainly consists of pascichnia and fodichnia, forms in lower-energy zone of shore-lake swamp;3) Skolithos-Planolites assemblage,which is characterized by dwelling burrows and feeding burrows, and presents itself in shallow lacustrine sediments under moist climate. Based on analysis of bioturbation index, two types of bioturbation assemblages in shallow lacustrine deposits are identified as follows: 1) bioturbation near boundary between sandstone and mudstone, which occurs mainly in sediments of lower shallow lake; 2) bioturbation in thin-bedded sandstones, which develops mainly in sediments of middle to lower shallow lake.
    8  MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF MAJOR GROUPS OF PODOCOPIDA
    ZHANG Ke-yun XU Ming-xu YANG Shou-yun SUN Jie YANG Qun
    2007(4):464-472. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](382) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](5)
    Abstract:
    The 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and COI gene sequence data were used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships of four superfamilies of Podocopida. Maximum-parsimony (MP), Bayesian and neighbor-joining (NJ) analyses combined with fossil records and morphological characters of Ostracoda were used to discuss the phylogenetic relationships among four major lineages of Podocopida. Cytheracea, Cypridacea, Darwinulacea and Bairdiacea were monophyletic groups in all trees. The closer relationship between Cypridacea and Darwinulacea is strongly supported by molecular data. The 18S rDNA data suggest that Darwinulacea evolved from within the Bairdiacea, and the two superfamilies together form the sister group of Cypridacea, further suggesting that Podocopida can be divided into two suborders: Bairdicopina (including Cypridinacea, Bairdiacea and Darwinulacea) and Cytheracopina (Cytheracea).
    9  PHYLOGENY AND MORPHOGENESIS OF DICTYOCERATIDA (PORIFERA: DEMOSPONGIAE)
    MA Jun-ye YANG Qun
    2007(4):473-480. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](316) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](6)
    Abstract:
    采用形态和分子数据相结合的方法探讨网角海绵目谱系发育和骨骼形态发生问题。根据11个普通海绵种的18S rRNA序列,结合11个形态与结构特征以及生化和细胞学性状,对网角海绵目的系统发育关系进行综合分析。分子系统学分析表明,网角海绵目及角骨海绵科为单系类群,具有宽口型领细胞室的掘海绵科属于网角海绵目。表型数据显示,网角海绵目内的4个科(Dysideidae,Thorectidae,Irciniidae,Spongiidae)为单系类群。网角海绵目的单系性表明具有等级分化特征的海绵质骨架纤维为同源特征,而领细胞室类型的分化,即宽口型和二咽型领细胞室的分化,是在网角海绵内部类群分化的同时发生的。结合角海绵类及相关类群的化石记录和文中关于网角海绵谱系发育分析推测,早期网角海绵可能主要通过胶原纤维粘附外源碎屑颗粒来支撑内部骨架系统;网角海绵的演化向两个方向发展:①合成多种海绵质纤维取代外源物形成骨架系统(网角海绵和指角海绵);②合成硅质骨针取代外源颗粒构成海绵骨架(现代所有具有骨针的普通海绵)。
    10  IS YANGTZEDONTA A BIVALVE?
    FANG Zong-jie
    2007(4):481-485. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](424) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](4)
    Abstract:
    Yu Wen (1985, 2005) mistook the holotype (cat. NIGP 84430) of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu, 1985 for an internal mould. Since the holotype has preserved both internal and external shell surfaces, it is a body fossil rather than an internal mould. All the muscle scars described by Yu (1985, 2005) are sheer fiction because they cannot be preserved on the external shell surface. It is a pity that the interior of the holotype is covered by sediments so that we could not see any internal features. Electronic probe analysis of the holotype indicates that the so-called "lamellar tooth"(Yu, 1985, p. 407) or "lamellar ridge"(Yu, 2005, p. 770) should be secondary phosphate features formed during diagnosis rather than original hinge structures (Qian, 2001). In addition, we do not know the whole outline of the holotype because both ends of the holotype are broken. In any case, the bivalve nature of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu is not yet proved.
    11  IS JURASSIC SCHMEISSNERIA AN ANGIOSPERM?
    WANG Xin DUAN Shu-ying GENG Bao-yin CUI Jin-zhong YANG Yong
    2007(4):486-490. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](293) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](24)
    Abstract:
    The discovery of Schmeissneria sinensis in western Liaoning marks an important record in the study on history of angiosperms. Schmeissneria is a fossil plant genus with an almost 170-year-long history. Recently reported Schmeissneria sinensis demonstrates some new characters previously unrecognized (a longitudinal complete septum and a closed tip in the central unit of the premature female structures). These new characters prompt us to review the affinity of Schmeissneria. Based on a careful examination of the definition of angiosperms and characters of Schmeissneria, Wang et al. concluded that Schmeissneria represents a new taxon with angiospermy. According to the current definition of angiosperms, Schmeissneria may be put in angiosperms. This will push the record of angiosperms back to the earliest Jurassic. However, the possibility of Schmeissneria being a new seed plant group parallel to angiosperms, in case the definition of angiosperms were altered, cannot be excluded completely for the time being. Here we briefly introduce the history of Schmeissneria, its characters and how Wang et al. determined it as an angiosperm.
    12  TWO JUNIOR HOMONYMS OF CHINESE CAMBRIAN TRILOBITE GENERA AND THEIR REPLACEMENT NAMES
    YANG Xian-feng PENG Shan-chi
    2007(4):491-492. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](338) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](6)
    Abstract:
    我国寒武纪崮山期两个德氏虫科三叶虫属Drepanura和Pionaspis的名称已分别被先于它们命名的其他动物所占用,成为晚出同名,应予废弃。其替代名称分别为Neodrepanura和Kiyakius。
    13  TIME-AVERAGING: A COMMON BUT COMPLICATED TAPHONOMIC PHENOMENON
    PAN Yan-hong SHA Jin-geng
    2007(4):493-502. DOI: 1
    [Abstract](301) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](5)
    Abstract:
    Time-averaging is a common taphonomic phenomenon of fossil accumulation in a nearly continuous time interval which was longer than the lifetime of an individual organism. Time-averaged fossil assemblages are mostly composed of the different aged fossils, representing the different stages of an evolutionary successive community, or the various communities in a successive environment. Based on the information published by the previous authors, the process, degree, effects, recognition of the time-averaging, as well as the types of the time-averaged fossil assemblages were briefly introduced and discussed in the paper, to better recognize the time-averaging, understand the time-averaged fossil communities/assemblages, and improve the reconstruction of palaeocommunities, analysis of palaeoecology, study of palaeontological evolution, and subdivision and correlation of stratigraphy. 

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