Taphonomic features of Haplophrentis carinatus from the Cambrian Kaili Formation, Jianhe, Guizhou and its symbiotic relationship with the eocrinoids
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Abstract:
The Cambrian Kaili Formation in Jianhe, Guizhou Province yields abundant hyolith fossils, among which Haplophrentis carinatus accounts for the largest proportion and is the most well-preserved. Previous research on Hap-lophrentis carinatus is merely limited to taxonomy, lacking further discussion on its taphonomic features and its symbiotic relationship with other organisms. Herein, we conducted systematic research on 324 specimens of Haplophrentis carinatus. Four taphonomic modes of opercula are recognized: separately preserved opercula, internal or external molds of opercula, partially and completely articulated opercula. Few helens are preserved and conchs are mainly preserved as internal molds. In addition, a trident-like structure, occurring on internal molds or impressions and resembling soft-tissue preservation, is a taphonomic artifact. The symbiotic relationship between Haplophrentis carinatus and eocrinoids is also discussed and this relationship is treated as an amensalism.
