GLOBAL BRACHIOPOD GROUP COMPOSITION,LATITUDE DISTRIBUTION AND EVOLUTION FROM CHANGHSINGIAN(LATE PERMIAN)TO LATE TRIASSIC
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Abstract:
Based on the statistic analysis of 9 934 brachiopod fossil occurrences collected from 1 421 fossil sites all over the world from Changhsingian(Late Permian)to Rhaetian(Late Triassic),the basic diversity and spatial and temporal patterns of brachiopods are studied in this paper.From the composition of the brachiopods from Changhsingian,Productida accounted for 44% of the total genus number,and occupied an absolutely dominant position.The remaining eight orders,in addition to Spiriferida which accounted for 14%,are no more than 10%.Effected by the endPermian mass extinction,the orders Productida,Orthotetida and Orthida completely disappeared after the Dienerian of Early Triassic,only the orders Rhynchonellida,Spiriferinida and Lingulida continued in the Triassic.After the Olenekian(Early Triassic),Rhynchonellida,Spiriferinida,Terebratulida and Athyridida survived and began to recover gradually and became the main groups of the Late Triassic brachiopods.Statistic data of palaeolatitude distribution of brachiopods show that the Changhsingian brachiopods were mainly distributed between 40°north latitude to 80°south latitude,while the most prominent zones were respectively located in the 0—40°north latitude and 30°—60°south latitude.After the end-Permian mass extinction,the Early Triassic brachiopods survived in the latitude zones between 0—40°north and 50°—60°south during the Dienerian,only very small amount of brachiopods survived in the zone between 0—40°north,where brachiopods began to recover in the Olenekian and gradually expanded globally in the Middle and Late Triassic.
