以三辐射对称为特征的管状化石Anabarites (阿纳巴管属)是寒武纪小壳化石中的常见分子, 虽然该属的化石记录可能最早见于埃迪卡拉纪末期的地层中, 但其典型分子(如Anabarites trisulcatus)首现于寒武系幸运阶底部, 尤其是Anabarites trisulcatus一直被作为华南寒武系底部幸运阶的第一小壳化石组合带Anabarites trisulcatus – Protohertzina anabarica的标准化石之一。由于存在大量的同物异名现象, 本文对迄今为止已建立的Anabarites属的41 个种的有效性重新进行梳理和讨论, 以管体形态、纵槽发育程度、生长角大小为鉴定特征, 提出了14个有效种的分类方案。同时, 总结了阿纳巴管属分子的时空分布特征, 发现该属分子经历了三个明显的演化阶段: 发生期、繁盛期和衰退期。其典型分子在幸运早期开始繁盛, 在幸运期晚期的种级分异度达最高、分布最广, 在第二期开始分异度降低、分布地理范围也缩小, 第四期早期灭绝。以时间为轴, 该属管体形态呈现一个明显的由简单向复杂的演化趋势: 管体由三辐射向六辐射转变, 管体内核表面的纵槽由浅加深、生长纹发育程度由弱增强。

The tubiform fossil Anabarites, characterized by triradial symmetry, is a common component of early Cambrian small shelly fossils (SSFs). Although its record may extend into terminal Ediacaran strata, typical species such as Anabarites trisulcatus first appear at the base of the Cambrian Fortunian and serve as key index fossils for the Anabarites trisulcatus-Protohertzina anabarica Assemblage Zone of the lower Fortunian in South China. Owing to extensive synonymy problems, this study reevaluates the status of all 41 species previously assigned to the genus Anabarites. Through a comprehensive analysis of diagnostic characters, including tubular morphology, development of longitudinal grooves, and variability in growth angles, we propose a revised classification scheme recognizing 14 accepted species. Spatiotemporal distribution analysis further reveals three distinct evolutionary stages: occurrence, diversification, and decline. The genus underwent its initial radiation in the Fortunian Age, reaching peak species diversity and maximal geographic distribution by the late Fortunian. A pronounced decline began in Cambrian Stage 2, marked by reduced abundance and contracted geographic range. This genus gradually went extinct during Stages 3–4, with occurrences restricted to a single region. Evolutionary trends in morphology show a clear shift from simple to more complex forms over time: tubular symmetry transitions from triradial to hexaradial, longitudinal surface grooves deepen progressively, and development of growth lines becomes increasingly pronounced.

国家自然科学基金(41872007, 42330209)和四川省科技计划项目(2018JY0491)联合资助