[关键词]
[摘要]
现生真蕨目马通蕨科(Matoniaceae)植物仅存Matonia和Phanerosorus两属, 集中分布于马来西亚、印度尼西亚等热带地区。马通蕨科植物在中生代时期全球广布, 且主要分布于热带、亚热带地区, 有近9个属, 被作为热带、亚热带气候的标志性植物化石之一。本文梳理总结了中国中生代的马通蕨科化石记录并分析其多样性特征, 共计有2属16种, 包括异脉蕨属(Phlebopteris) 15种和准马通蕨属(Matonidium) 1种。对其化石记录和地质地理分布分析表明, 晚三叠世时期, 异脉蕨属植物广泛分布于热带—亚热带湿热气候区, 包括华南一带的四川、湖北、 云南、西藏、福建等地; 早侏罗世时期, 其分布逐渐向北方扩展, 在南、北方植物区系界线附近均有发现; 中侏罗世局限于湖北、青海等地; 早白垩世时仅在黑龙江和西藏少量发现。准马通蕨属仅在黑龙江地区的早白垩世地层中发现。整体上, 马通蕨科在中国中生代的分布范围变迁与气候带范围变化相吻合。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Matoniaceae Presl 1847 is a family of leptosporangiate ferns represented by two extant genera, Matonia R. Brown 1829 and Phanerosorus Copeland 1909, both of which are restricted to the tropical-subtropical areas, such as the Malay Archipelago and Indonesia. Nine fossil genera of Matoniaceae have been reported from the Mesozoic strata of Eurasia, Americas, and Antarctica. Similar to their modern representatives, the presence of these fossil matoniaceous plants suggests tropical-subtropical climate conditions. Available reports indicate that there are 16 documented species in two genera of the Mesozoic of China, including 15 species of Phlebopteris and one species of Matonidium. Paleogeographically, six species of Phlebopteris are distributed in the Southern Floristic Province during the Late Triassic. During the Early Jurassic, Phlebopteris reached its highest level of diversity with 10 species widely distributed in both the Southern and Northern Floristic Provinces; Of the 10 species, eight are newly emerged. During the Middle Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous, the diversity of the genus Phlebopteris is significantly decreased, with only three species reported from Xinjiang, Gansu and Hubei Provinces. Whereas the records of Matonidium are limited, with only one species reported from the Early Cretaceous of Heilongjiang Province. The change of diversity level and tempo-spatial distribution pattern of these matoniaceous ferns from China are suggested to be linked to paleoclimatic variations during the Mesozoic.
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[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金重大项目(41790454)、中科院战略先导科技专项B类项目子课题(XDB26010302)以及现代古生物学与地层学国家重点实验室资助项目(20191103)联合资助
