重庆市巫山县庙宇盆地的玉米洞是一处旧石器时代遗址, 出土了大量的哺乳动物化石, 其中的鹿科动物化石计有3属3种, 且均有保存状态较好的角化石, 为华南中–晚更新世鹿科化石的研究提供了很好的参考。大赤麂Muntiacus muntjak margae以角的尺寸较大为显著特征, 在玉米洞中仅见于中更新世晚期地层中; 黑鹿Rusa unicolor的角粗壮、纹饰深, 眉枝长且与主枝的夹角为锐角, 二者是华南中–晚更新世大熊猫–剑齿象动物群中的常见成员。葛氏斑鹿Cervus (Sika) grayi的角相对纤细、表面纹饰弱、主枝与眉枝夹角为钝角, 是在西南地区的首次确切报道。R. unicolor化石标本在玉米洞遗址多数地层可见, 而C. (S.) grayi则仅见于代表冰期气候的少数层位中, 显示了玉米洞遗址堆积形成时期的古环境波动。

Yumidong is a Paleolithic cave site discovered in Miaoyu Basin of Wushan County, Chongqing Municipality, Southwest China. Comprehensive analysis of dating results and faunal comparison indicates a late Middle to Late Pleistocene age for the site, about 300 ka to 14 ka, corresponding to MIS 8~2. Many cervid fossils unearthed from this site provide very good material for the morphological comparisons of Cervidae in the Middle to Late Pleistocene of South China. Three species in three genera, including Muntiacus muntjak margae, Rusa unicolor and Cervus (Sika) grayi, have been recognized. Muntiacus muntjak margae, only found from the late Middle Pleistocene deposit at the Yumidong Site, has similar size to that of M. gigas but has a shorter main beam and a longer brow tine than the latter. Rusa unicolor is larger than C. (S.) grayi, and its antler is robust with well-developed longitudinal grooves and crests on the surface. The bifurcation angle between the brow tine and the main beam is acute. Cervus (Sika) grayi is somewhat slender, and the surface of its antler is ornamented with shallow longitudinal grooves. The bifurcation angle between the brow tine and the main beam is obtuse. Both M. m. margae and R. unicolor are the most common taxa in the Middle to Late Pleistocene mammalian faunas of South China. Cervus (Sika) grayi is known as a typical Middle Pleistocene species of North China, even though it was also found at some Late Pleistocene localities in East China and the Japanese archipelago. In terms of stratigraphic distributions, specimens of R. unicolor have been unearthed from most layers of the deposits in the Yumidong Site, but C. (S.) grayi has only been found from limited layers that can be correlated to MIS 2, MIS 6 and MIS 8. The presence of C. (S.) grayi indicates paleoenvironmental fluctuations during the late Middle to Late Pleistocene in the Three Gorges area

河北地质大学科技创新团队项目(KJCXTD-2021-01)和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B 类) (XDB26000000)联合资助