二叠异蝎蛉科是二叠纪长翅目的代表性类群, 也是长翅目的基干类群。二叠纪是长翅目昆虫的繁盛期, 但中国该时期长翅目昆虫化石记录非常稀少, 目前仅报道了1种。本文根据发现于中国安徽省巢湖市瓜德鲁普统银屏组的一枚标本, 建立了1新属1新种––––廖氏巢湖异蝎蛉(Chaohuchorista liaoi gen. et sp. nov.)。该新属的鉴定特征为翅细长, Rs₁和Rs₂合并为1条脉, Rs₄具2分支, M具5分支, M₂具2分支。该新发现增加了中国二叠纪长翅目的多样性。

Permochoristidae is a representative of the mecopterans in the Permian and a stem group of Mecoptera. The Permian is a period during which mecopterans were prosperous, however, Permian mecopterans from China are extremely rare, with only one previously reported species. We establish a new genus and species, Chaohuchorista liaoi gen. et sp. nov., based on one specimen collected from the Guadalupian Yinping Formation of Chaohu City, Anhui Province, eastern China. The diagnostic characters of the genus include small and elongate forewing, Rs₁ and Rs₂ combined into a single vein, Rs₄ with two branches, M with five branches and M₂ with two branches. Our new finding highlights the mecopteran diversity during the Permian in China.

中国科学院战略性先导专项(B 类) (XDB26000000)与国家自然科学基金(42288201, 41925008)联合资助