水稻扇型植硅体在水稻起源研究起着重要的作用，但由于野生稻和栽培稻扇型植硅体的区分存在不确定性，限制了扇型植硅体在早期稻作研究中的应用。本研究通过对植硅体大样本数据的统计分析得出：扇型植硅体长宽大小趋势是，普通野生稻大于栽培稻，粳稻大于籼稻；普通野生稻B/A显著大于栽培稻，粳稻B/A又显著小于籼稻。水稻扇型植硅体的长（VL）与宽（HL）呈现正相关的规律，扇型植硅体主要分布在VL<41 μm和HL<39 μm与VL>41 μm和HL>39 μm的区间内；在遗址水稻鉴定中，如发掘的扇型植硅体中多数B/A小于等于1.20就有很大可能是粳稻；如B/A大于1.2，可再根据扇型植硅体的大小区分野生稻和籼稻，多数植硅体在VL<41 μm和HL<39 μm的区间内则可能是籼稻，在VL>41 μm和HL>39 μm的区间内则可能是普通野生稻。

Bulliform phytoliths plays an important role in researching rice origins. However, its application was limited in the early studies of rice planting culture due to an uncertainty in distinguishing the bulliform phytoliths between wild rice and cultivated rice. Through the investigation and statistical analysis based on the large sample data, the authors found that the size of the bulliform phytoliths of the common wild rice was larger than that of the cultivated rice, and that japonica rice was larger than indica rice; the B/A value of common wild rice was significantly higher than that of cultivated rice while the Japonica rice was significantly lower than that of indica rice; the length （VL） and width （HL） of bulliform phytoliths were positively correlated to each other, and the investigated bulliform phytoliths was mainly distributed in the range of VL < 41 μm & HL < 39 μm and VL > 41 μm & HL >39 μm. In the identification of rice site, if most B/A of the rice bulliform phytoliths was less than or equal to 1.20, it was likely to be japonica rice; if B/A was greater than 1.2, we can distinguish wild rice from indica rice according to the size of bulliform phytoliths, it might be indica rice if most of bulliform phytoliths in the range of VL < 41 μm & HL < 39 μm, or it might be wild rice if that’s in the range of VL > 41 μm & HL > 39 μm.

国家自然科学基金（41461043，41967054），“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFD0301603）。