哈密翼龙及其3D蛋与胚胎化石的发现，具有重要的科学价值。然而，这些化石在离开原始埋藏环境之后，就会出现粉化剥落等严重自然风化现象。本文拟利用XRF等多种方法对代表性化石的赋存围岩样品进行分析检测，以探讨其风化破碎机理。分析表明，化石围岩为含泥砾的砂岩，含有蒙脱石等黏土类矿物，胶结物为钙质和盐类，且围岩中含有大量的Cl-、NO3-、Na+和Mg2+等可溶盐。因此，本文指出围岩产生风化的主要机制是当湿度发生变化时，盐胶结溶解，同时围岩中的可溶盐溶解重结晶产生的巨大结晶压力，以及蒙脱石等矿物吸水膨胀产生巨大的挤压力，促使围岩在巨大内部应力等综合作用下逐渐粉化脱落，最终导致围岩彻底破碎。基于以上认识，也给出了化石的保护建议。

The value of the discoveries of Hamipterus tianshanensis and their 3D eggs fossils?are of?great importance.?These fossils preserved in Beijing for several years, the surrounding rocks have been powdering and flaking, which seriously endanger the safety to fossils. This paper intends to use XRF and other methods to detect surrounding rock to explore its corrosion mechanism. The analysis shows that the surrounding rock of fossils is composed of sandstone with boulder clay, which contains some clay minerals such as montmorillonite. The?sandstone?with?calcareous?and?salt?cementation contains large amounts of soluble ions such as Cl-, NO3-, Na+ and Mg2+. The mechanism of the deterioration is as followed, when the humidity changes, the soluble salt also generates large crystal pressure, as well as the expansion of clay minerals produces huge pressing force, leading the surrounding rocks to powder and flake gradually. The?solution?of?salt?existing?as the cement results in the escape and?migration of?particles, which?is?an important reason for fossil deterioration.?Based on the above understanding, this paper also gives suggestions about the protection of fossils.

国家自然科学基金（41572020，41688103）、中国科学院大学校所科研合作课题（Y65201WY00）和哈密市政府合作项目的资助。