透射电子显微镜作为常规的显微镜工具,已被广泛运用于观察研究生物组织超微构造,20世纪60年代开始在生物化石的研究中得到应用,特别是孢粉学,如大孢子、花粉、疑源类等的研究。通过对处理后的化石样品进行超薄切片,可观察到生物组织中保存下来的有机质壁及内含物的显微构造,对孢粉系统分类学及个体发育学的研究有重要的作用。即使是古生代的或更早期的生物样品也有一些保存下来的有价值的组织可供于超微构造的研究,只是样品在进行前期处理及超薄切片过程中会遇到一些技术问题。文章简要阐述这些具体技术问题。

Nowadays, as a conventional instrument, TEM has been widely used in investigation of ultra-microstructures of biological organs and tissues. Roughly started from the early sixties of the last century, TEM was applied to palaeontological studies, especially in palynology involving spores (megaspores in particular), pollen and acritarchs, etc. Through ultra-thin sectioning after preparation processes, the preserved microstructures of organic wall and its interior can be clearly observed. This is of significance in approaching the systematic classification and ontogenesis of relevant microfossils. In practice, from some Palaeozoic even Precambrian well preserved microfossils, valuable information has been obtained from ultra-microstructure study. However, such successive results need essential prerequisites, viz., some technical problems met in the preparation and ultra-thin sectioning of fossil samples should be correctly solved. The present paper introduces some experiential but effective methods in solving such problems, including the concentration of fossil specimens, the permeation of embedding resin into the specimens and several common problems in the sectioning process. Some actual examples of TEM's application in palynology are also provided.

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