介绍并评论孢粉相分析的原理和方法。孢粉相从提出至今已经历了很长时间的发展,现已基本成熟。尽管如此,它对大多数孢粉学家(包括中国学者)来说仍然是陌生的。文中论述了进行成功的孢粉相研究的基础:孢粉有机质分类、术语及研究方法,包括采样、实验技术、数据采集和相识别的数学方法、古环境解释及能源潜力评价等方面。与传统的只注重孢型的孢粉学相比,孢粉相强调对样品中的所有沉积有机质进行总体评价,从而可以帮助人们从沉积物中获得更多的信息,更清晰地重建和描绘盆地沉积图景并评价目的地层的能源潜力。有机地球化学和煤岩学的一些研究内容和方向与孢粉相研究非常相似,文中对它们相关的研究也作了简评。它们对孢粉相研究的影响主要体现在有机质分类和术语上,一些孢粉相研究者完全采用有机地球化学或煤岩学的。但是,这些学科在研究目的、实验技术及数据采集方法等方面都存在差异,孢粉有机质及其分类不一定对等于特定的干酪根型或煤岩显微组分,同时一个孢粉相也不一定等同于一个干酪根组合或有机质相。因此,孢粉相应该有独立的沉积有机质分类方案和术语系统。但是,研究方法和分类等方面的不同,并不会妨碍孢粉相获得与有机地化、煤岩学研究相似的结果。如果能够将孢粉相数据与其它方法的数据结合起来解

Summary Palynofacies analyses have been widely applied to determinations of palaeoenvironment and petroleum source potential during the last 20 years. More recently they have also contributed to improving sequence stratigraphic determinations and, to a lesser extent, to detailed biostratigraphic correlations on a regional or local level. However, they are still not used as much as they could be for solving geological problems, especially in China. In this article we review the general principles and methods involved. These include the terminology that is applied to the components of palynological matter, sampling requirements, laboratory techniques, data collection, statistical and numerical methods, and the basis for arriving at reasonable palaeoenvironmental and source potential assessments. Compared to traditional methods of palynological study, which merely focus on palynomorphs, palynofacies analyses place emphasis on the entire composition of acid-resistant organic matter that can be recovered from a rock or unconsolidated sediment. Such an approach commonly enables more precise determinations of depositional environment to be made than is possible using traditional methods of clastic and carbonate sedimentological analyses. Interpretations of organic geochemical and coal petrographic data and the terminology involved are also briefly considered. The types of palynological matter recorded do not necessarily correspond directly to the organic components that can be recognized by other methods of analysis, but this does not prevent similar results from being obtained. Indeed, when palynofacies data are integrated with those derived from other methods, the reliability of the conclusions drawn is usually increased. Hence, they are more likely to stand the test of time.

Q913.84

中国科学院留学基金和国家自然科学基金委特殊学科点基金资助.